New accelerated test for rapid measurement of detergent biodegradability

A new accelerated biodegradation test has been developed in order to determine rapidly the biodegradability of detergents. Natural river water is fortified with additional microorganisms isolated from sewage effluent by continuous centrifugation to remove residual detergent. This increases the reproducibility between different samples of river water and decreases seasonal effects. Using detergents of different chemical structures, this accelerated procedure gave the same biodegradable results as obtained with the usual river die-away test. However, such data can now be obtained in as little as ten days or less. Multiple test results are presented showing the rate and degree of biodegradation of representative test detergents and the reproducibility between different series of tests with the same compound. Examples are given showing that the extent and completeness of biodegradability of the test compounds depends on the degree of branching.     

微生物油气勘探技术在岩性气藏勘探中的应用——以柴达木盆地三湖坳陷为例

为了有效识别柴达木盆地三湖坳陷岩性生物气藏,以台南—台东地区为研究区,开展微生物勘探技术试验研究。东西向长24 km的采样测线横穿工区,在各采样点(间隔150 m)采集20 cm深度处的土壤200 g,样品共156个,由美国GMT公司完成甲烷氧化菌分析。结果显示,研究区20 cm深度处土壤湿度可维持甲烷氧化菌的生长;pH值平均为8.20,不抑制甲烷氧化菌生长;大量样品全盐盐度大于20%,高盐度降低了甲烷氧化菌的浓度,但气藏区与非气藏区微生物浓度差别显著,气藏上方盐度高达50%以上仍发育微生物异常;而且探井试气产量与其上方微生物浓度呈显著正相关,表明微生物勘探技术适用于三湖坳陷。利用微生物异常判断,在台南9井东侧1 km处、台南气田西侧边界以外可能存在含气丰度高于台南9井的岩性气藏,是较为有利的勘探目标区。图6表1参26     

油气微生物检测技术:理论、实践和应用前景

简述了微生物勘探技术（MOST+SSG）的原理和方法。指出：专性烃氧化菌对食物（碳源）的高度选择性决定了MOST技术烃检测结果的唯一性和重现性;全球MOST勘探,特别是岩性地层油气藏勘探的成功范例展现了地震勘探（2D/3D）和微生物勘探（MOST）相结合的综合勘探模式对于提高勘探成功率,降低勘探风险的重大价值。     

Role of dopant incorporation in low-temperature Si epitaxial growthby rapid thermal processing chemical vapor deposition

The authors have demonstrated that epitaxial growth temperatures can be lowered by dopant incorporation using rapid thermal processing chemical vapor deposition. Heavily As- and B-doped epitaxial layers with very abrupt dopant transition profiles and relatively uniform carrier distributions have been grown at 800°C. The film quality and defect formation were strongly dependent on the electrically active dopant concentration. The defect density as a function of electron concentration shows a sharp transition at 3×10¹⁸ cm^-3 for As-doped epitaxy. For B-doped epitaxy, the film quality was monocrystalline with smooth surface morphology for hole concentrations above 5×10¹⁹ cm^-3     

微生物油气勘探技术的实践与发展

非构造圈闭的识别是非构造油气藏勘探的难点,微生物油气调查技术可根据圈闭中富含的油气与其上方地表土壤中的微生物含量的关系来寻找富集于圈闭内的烃类流体,是一种有效的油气勘探技术,应用该技术已在柴达木盆地、Fort Worth 盆地、俄克拉荷马州Osage 县等多处发现了高产的岩性和复杂构造油气藏。目前该技术还需要在轻烃微渗漏原理、微生物的影响因素、微生物的检测技术、数据的地质解释等4 个关键环节继续完善。