在聚合物驱和水驱中窜流与层间渗透率差异对凝胶处理效果的影响

本文对用凝胶封堵高渗层效果做了模拟研究，所选模型是由两个独立的均质层组成，每层渗透率在纵向上均是各向同性。层间水平渗透率比为０．００３３－０．５，两层的垂直／水平渗透率比相同且为０．００１－０．１。先将凝胶注入到高渗透的深层中，再在每层中注入聚合物和水，每层流度不同，注入到各层中的量亦不同，由于改善了注入剖面，从而降低了垂直／水平渗透率比，所以在井筒附近用凝胶封堵高渗层可提高原油采收率。相同条件下     

关于复合水气交替注入（WAG）驱油中粘性指进的预测模型

本文运用不可调参数建立了一个关于复合水气交替注入驱油中粘性指进问题的预测模型。利用该模型可生成一个可应用在常规复合模拟程序中的拟函数，且已成功地运用在三种类型实例中，包括一个简单的非均质油藏。     

Employee stress and health complaints in jobs with and without electronic performance monitoring

Current applications of electronic performance monitoring based on job design theories that consider worker performance rather than stress issues are likely to generate unsatisfying and stressful jobs (Smith et al, 1986). This study examines critical job design elements that could influence worker stress responses in an electronic monitoring context. A questionnaire survey of employees in telecommunications companies representative of each region in the United States examined job stress in directory assistance, service representative and clerical jobs with specific emphasis on the influence of electronic monitoring of job performance, satisfaction and employee health. Useable surveys were received from 745 employees representing seven operating companies and AT & T; a response rate of about 25%. The results of this survey indicated that employees who had their performance electronically monitored perceived their working conditions as more stressful, and reported higher levels of job boredom, psychological tension, anxiety, depression, anger, health complaints and fatigue. It is postulated that these effects may be related to changes in job design due to electronic performance monitoring.     

Supercritical fluid extraction and characterization of lipids from algae Scenedesmus obliquus

Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extractions (with and without ethanol as an entrainer) were carried out to remove lipids and pigments from protein concentrate of green algae (Scenedesmus obliquus) cultivated under controlled conditions. The content and fatty acid composition of algal lipids using column, thin-layer (TLC) and gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) were determined. Absorption spectra of extracted fractions showed the predominance of chlorophyll A (lambda max at 410 nm). Single step supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction resulted mostly in removal of neutral lipids and a part of glycolipids, but phospholipids were not extracted. Addition of ethanol to SC-CO2 increased the amount of glycolipids and phospholipids in the extract. TLC pattern of algal lipids showed that the main part of neutral lipids consisted of diglycerides, triglycerides, hydrocarbons, free sterols, and sterol esters. The glycolipids were mostly monogalactosyl diglyceride, digalactosyl diglyceride, esterified sterol glycoside, and sterol glycoside. In phospholipids, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl glycerol, and phosphatidyl ethanolamine were the main compounds. Fatty acid composition patterns indicated the main fatty acids to be 16:0, 16:1, 16:2, 16:3, 16:4, 18:1, 18:2, and 18:3(a). Relatively high recovery of polyunsaturated fatty acids and essential fatty acids in supercritical fluid extracted algal lipids and proteins isolates were observed.     

蛋白质在超滤过程中的膜污染和膜清洗

本文选用四种不同的膜清洗剂对牛血清蛋白溶液超滤后污染的三种超滤膜进行研究，结果表明：在蛋白质的等电点取得在不同ＰＨ值下蛋白质对膜污染的最佳清洗效果，清洗效率与蛋白质的所荷电荷有关。采用适宜的清洗过程将会延长膜使用寿命和增强超滤膜性能。     

Lanthanide-binding tags as versatile protein coexpression probes

Comprehensive proteomic analyses require new methodologies to accelerate the correlation of gene sequence with protein function. Key tools for such efforts include biophysical probes that integrate into the covalent architecture of proteins. Lanthanide-binding tags (LBTs) are expressible, multitasking fusion partners that are optimized to bind lanthanide ions and have several desirable attributes, which include long-lived luminescence, excellent X-ray scattering power for phase determination, and magnetic properties to facilitate NMR spectroscopic structure elucidation. Herein, we present peptide sequences with a 40-fold higher affinity for Tb(3+) ions and significantly brighter luminescence intensity compared with existing peptides. Incorporation of an LBT onto ubiquitin as a prototype fusion protein allows the use of powerful protein-visualization techniques, which include rapid luminescence detection of LBT-tagged proteins in SDS-PAGE gels, as well as determination of protein concentrations in complex mixtures. The LBT strategy is a new alternative for expressing fluorescent fusion proteins by routine molecular biological techniques.     

Acquired Predator Recognition by Fathead Minnows: Influence of Habitat Characteristics on Survival

In this study we conditioned fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) to recognize the odor of a perch (Perca flavescens) by exposing them to perch odor coupled with minnow alarm cue. We then staged encounters between the predator and prey in order to assess whether the predator odor training had any effect on survival of the prey. We tested for a survival effect in the presence and absence of shelter. Our results indicate that fish trained with alarm signals to recognize predators gained a survival benefit during staged encounters with a predator and that habitat characteristics influenced the survival of conditioned fish.