Multifunctional alkylphenol additive

Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 2, pp. 14–15, February, 1989.     

Reflective light modulator based on epsilon-GaSe crystal

We report the results of investigating a low-voltage, polarization-insensitive, reflective-type modulator based on an epsilon-GaSe crystal and operated at the 1.960-eV line of a He-Ne laser. We demonstrate that the modulation in an Al-epsilon-GaSe-Cu device results mainly from the Franz-Keldysh effect. Relatively high speed and low operating voltage could make these modulators with Schottky-barrier contacts attractive devices in the red range of the spectrum.     

An intelligent real-time multi-vessel collision risk assessment system from VTS view point based on fuzzy inference system

Due to brisk industrial growth, the marine traffic has become an imperative subject in the open sea nowadays. The crew inside the vehicle traffic service (VTS) centre is facing challenging issues on account of continuous growth in vessel number. Currently, most of VTS centers’ are using the ARPA RADAR based conventional vehicle traffic management system and VTS staff has to carry out most of the things manually to guide the ship’s captain properly. Therefore, there is a strong impetus in the field of ocean engineering to develop a smart system which can take the data from RADAR and autonomously manipulate it, to calculate the degree of collision risk among all vessels from the VTS centre. Later on, the traffic management officer utilizes this information for intelligent decision making. In the past, several researchers have addressed this issue to facilities the VTS crew and captain of the ship but mostly, their research work was for academic purposes and could not get popularity because of extra manual workload. Our proposed vessel collision risk assessment system is an intelligent solution which is based on fuzzy inference system and has the ability to solve the said issues. We calculated the DCPA, TCPA, bearing and VCD among all vessels ships from the VTS centre by using conventional marine equipments and exploited the extracted information to calculate and display the degree of collision risk among all vessels. Furthermore, we developed the RADAR filtration algorithm which helps the VTS officer to gauge out the degree of collision risk around a particular ship. To authenticate the validity and to monitor the performance efficiency, we developed RADAR operated intelligent software which directly gets the required data from RADAR and displays the vessels list based on their degree of collision severity. The laboratory experiments confirm the validity of the proposed system.     

Effect of polystyrol coatings on the corrosion fatigue resistance of 09G2S steel in sea water

Translated from Fiziko-khimicheskaya Mekhanika Materialov, No. 5, pp. 114–115, September–October, 1990.     

New Frontiers on van der Waals Layered Metal Phosphorous Trichalcogenides

The exponentially growing works on 2D materials have resulted in both high scientific interest and huge potential applications in nanocatalysis, optoelectronics, and spintronics. Of especial note is that the newly emerged and promising family of metal phosphorus trichalcogenides (MPX₃) contains semiconductors, metals, and insulators with intriguing layered structures and architectures. The bandgaps of the members in this family range from 1.3 to 3.5 eV, significantly enriching the application of 2D materials in the broad wavelength spectrum. In this review, emphasizing their remarkable structural, physicochemical, and magnetic properties, as well as the numerous applications in various fields, the innovative progress on layered MPX₃ crystals is summarized. Different from other layered materials, these crystals will advance a fascinating frontier in magnetism and spintronic devices with their especially featured atomic layered nanosheets. Thus, their crystal and electronic structures, along with some related researches in magnetism, are discussed in detail. The assortments of growth methods are then summarized. Considering their potential applications, the prominent utilization of these 2D MPX₃ nanoscrystals in catalysis, batteries, and optoelectronics is also discussed. Finally, the outlook of these kinds of layered nanomaterials is provided.     

Corrosion-fatigue endurance of 09G2S steel with an allowance made for cathodic protection

Translated from Fiziko-Khimicheskaya Mekhanika Matrialov, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 101–102, May–June, 1989.     

High‐Yield Production of Monolayer FePS3 Quantum Sheets via Chemical Exfoliation for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

2D layered transition metal phosphorus trichalcogenides (MPX₃) possess higher in‐plane stiffness and lower cleavage energies than graphite. This allows them to be exfoliated down to the atomic thickness. However, a rational exfoliation route has to be sought to achieve surface‐active and uniform individual layers. Herein, monolayered FePS₃ quantum sheets (QSs) are systematically obtained, whose diameters range from 4–8 nm, through exfoliation of the bulk in hydrazine solution. These QSs exhibit a widened bandgap of 2.18 eV as compared to the bulk (1.60 eV) FePS₃. Benefitting from the monolayer feature, FePS₃ QSs demonstrate a substantially accelerated photocatalytic H₂ generation rate, which is up to three times higher than the bulk counterpart. This study presents a facile way, for the first time, of producing uniform monolayer FePS₃ QSs and opens up new avenues for designing other low‐dimensional materials based on MPX₃.     

Engineering the Electronic Structure of 2D WS2 Nanosheets Using Co Incorporation as CoxW(1‐x)S2 for Conspicuously Enhanced Hydrogen Generation

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), as one of potential electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), have been extensively studied. Such TMD‐based ternary materials are believed to engender optimization of hydrogen adsorption free energy to thermoneutral value. Theoretically, cobalt is predicted to actively promote the catalytic activity of WS₂. However, experimentally it requires systematic approach to form Co_xW_(1?x)S₂ without any concomitant side phases that are detrimental for the intended purpose. This study reports a rational method to synthesize pure ternary Co_xW_(1?x)S₂ nanosheets for efficiently catalyzing HER. Benefiting from the modification in the electronic structure, the resultant material requires overpotential of 121 mV versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) to achieve current density of 10 mA cm^?2 and shows Tafel slope of 67 mV dec^?1. Furthermore, negligible loss of activity is observed over continues electrolysis of up to 2 h demonstrating its fair stability. The finding provides noticeable experimental support for other computational reports and paves the way for further works in the area of HER catalysis based on ternary materials.