光刻胶灰化工艺与深亚微米线条的制作

随着器件尺寸的缩小，细线条的制作成为很关键的工艺，普通光学光刻已接近其分辨率的极限，而电子束光刻和Ｘ射线光刻技术复杂、费用昂贵。本文对光刻胶灰化工艺进行了分析和研究，并应用此工艺进行了深亚微米线条的制作，在普通光学光刻机上制作出宽度小于０．２５μｍ细线条。我们已将此工艺成功地应用在深亚微米ＭＯＳＦＥＴ的制作中。     

Solving an Inverse Problem of Erosive Burning Rate Reconstruction

A new method for an experimental study of burning processes in condensed substances is suggested, based on the statement and solution of inverse problems. An inverse problem of reconstructing the erosive burning rate of solid propellants from experimental data is formulated. The choice of an approach to solving the problem by the joint application of well-known methods for inverse problem solution and specific features of experimental studies of burning processes, in particular, erosive burning, has been justified. The problem solution is illustrated by a numerical example. The testing involves a comparative analysis of two optimization methods: although both methods are characterized by an identical accuracy, the steepest descent method has a higher rate of convergence for this class of problems than the conjugate gradient method.     

Test complex for the onboard navigation system of an airport ground vehicle

An experimental model of the onboard integrated navigation system for airport ground vehicles designed for use as part of an advanced surface movement guidance and control system is considered. The technique and the results of field tests of the system are presented. The composition and design of the mobile test stand are described.     

民间工艺对中国艺术设计史研究的意义

中国艺术设计史研究是对于中国造物行为中设计思维的仔细梳理与深度探索,中国传统造物的纷杂景观形成了设计学科框架建立的复杂性,造物行为的平民性也导致了中国艺术设计史研究的宽泛性,对于传统民间工艺的新型探究对中国艺术设计学科的确立与发展有着重要的当代意义。     

Spidermen Strategy for Stable 24% Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells

The interface energetics-modification plays an important role in improving the power conversion efficiency (PCE) among the perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Considering the low carrier mobility caused by defects in PSCs, a double-layer modification engineering strategy is adopted to introduce the “spiderman” NOBF₄ (nitrosonium tetrafluoroborate) between tin dioxide (SnO₂ and perovskite layers. NO⁺, as the interfacial bonding layer, can passivate the oxygen vacancy in SnO₂, while BF₄⁻ can optimize the defects in the bulk of perovskite. This conclusion is confirmed by theoretical calculation and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The synergistic effect of NO⁺ and BF₄⁻ distinctly heightens the carrier extraction efficiency, and the PCE of PSCs is 24.04% with a fill factor (FF) of 82.98% and long-term stability. This study underlines the effectiveness of multifunctional additives in improving interface contact and enhancing PCE of PSCs.     

新型电力系统仿真工具研究初探

能源转型背景下,新型电力系统中高比例可再生能源和高比例电力电子设备接入的特征将深刻改变电网形态和运行特性,对仿真理论研究和先进仿真工具研发提出了新的需求。文中梳理了现有仿真软件、仿真体系在应对新型电力系统稳定特性变化、仿真分析时空尺度和跨度增大,以及电力系统数字化发展过程中电网智能分析运行控制体系构建3个层面上的需求与挑战。分析现有仿真技术的特性,指出当前仿真工具存在的不足。最后,理清仿真工具发展趋势,提出新型电力系统仿真技术框架,并就目前仿真工具需要关注的潜在技术发展要点进行展望。     

The Formation of Hollow Lead Structures on the Surface of PbSe Films Treated in Argon Plasma

Conditions for ion sputtering of a PbSe/CaF₂/Si(111) epitaxial system in high-density inductively coupled plasma of high-frequency low-pressure discharge in argon have been established that ensure the formation of submicron-sized hollow lead structures on a lead-selenide surface. The surface was plasma-treated for time periods within 60–240 s at low energy (20–30 eV) of Ar⁺ ions, which is close to their sputtering threshold energy. The properties of the obtained material were studied by the techniques of scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. It is shown that the characteristic size, shape, and density of surface structures can be varied within broad limits depending on the time of plasma treatment and temperature of the material surface. Physical processes responsible for the formation of hollow lead structures under the proposed conditions of plasma sputtering are considered.     

保水剂对草坪土壤持水特性影响研究

为了探明保水剂对草地种植条件下土壤水分特征曲线的影响,基于王全九等开发的入渗特性法进行了土壤水平入渗试验,得出了在草坪土壤中施用不同浓度保水剂的Brooks-Corey土壤水分特征曲线。结果表明：在低吸力段,相同水势下土壤含水量随保水剂施用浓度增大而增大,在高吸力段,相同水势下土壤含水量随保水剂施用浓度增大而减小;在0~1 bar范围内,施用保水剂处理的土壤水分特征曲线均匀降低,表明施用保水剂能够稳定而有效地供给植物所需水分。本研究可以为制定城市绿地草坪合理的灌溉制度和在草坪种植中合理推广使用保水剂提供理论依据。     

Optimizing the Pilot Testing of ERP Systems

In the creation of ERP systems, it is important to plan the pilot testing. In pilot projects (also known as experimental projects), the main functions of the system are tested by a limited set of advanced users. In planning the pilot testing, the key is to determine its extent. With too little testing, fundamental functions of the system may not be checked, and the probability of detecting significant errors only at complete rollout will be high. With excessive testing, the work required in the pilot project will be considerably increased, and the required speed and flexibility will not be attained in testing the basic functions. The effectiveness of pilot testing will be no better than the effectiveness of full-scale introduction. A mathematical formulation of the determination of the optimal extent of pilot testing is developed on the basis of the generation of a portfolio of IT services and their scheduling in the creation of the ERP system for a large steel company. The solution of this problem takes the form of a set of services that must be verified and the relations between them, within the specified constraint on the resources devoted to testing, such that optimal results are obtained. The solution is obtained by network programming, based on a structurally similar network representation of the relevant criteria and constraints. A solution procedure is outlined, along with an example of its use. In this procedure, dichotomous programming is used to solve individual problems. The approximate solutions obtained may be improved by solving a double network-programming problem. The branch and bound method may be used to find the global optimum of the initial problem. In that approach, the boundaries are values of the target functions for the approximate solutions. Generalization of this problem is based on the preferences of IT-service users regarding the quality of verification of different relations between the services. Those preferences may be taken into account by weighting the corresponding relationships. That leaves the basic solution procedure unchanged.     

英落菱镁矿选矿试验研究

针对菱镁矿矿石中脉石杂质的赋存特点，采用常规反正浮流程，使用Ｎａ２ＣＯ３反浮矿浆调浆，六偏磷酸钠加水玻璃抑制白云石和硅酸盐脉石杂质，并结合浮选前脱泥的工艺，达到了镁钙硅有效分离的目的，较常规工艺提高了浮选精矿指标。