The pattern of counterurbanization in the Federal Republic of Germany, 1977-85

County-level data are used to examine the evidence for turnaround migration from urban to rural areas in the Federal Republic of Germany during the period 1978-1985. "The coexistence of suburbanization and counterurbanization for the 1978-85 time period is demonstrated. Young adults, 18-25 years of age, gravitated towards the urban cores of metropolitan areas and smaller urban areas. All the other age-groups moved mainly towards the outer suburbs of metropolitan areas, the suburbs of second-tier cities, and the rural counties. The two migration matrices indicate that counterurbanization at the level of regional planning areas was not present in 1977 but started in 1978 and it was present in 1983. At the same spatial level, evidence of a net gain of metropolitan areas from second-tier cities and rural areas is also provided for 1977. This pattern was reversed for the 1978-85 period."     

用粉煤灰处理生活污水可行性研究

本文在现场试验的基础上，又进行了小型试验。试验结果表明，粉煤灰对生活污水中的有机物、微生物具有去除作用，净化后的水质优于二级生化处理后的水质。     

山西粉煤灰在农业方面的利用

我省火电厂以燃煤为主，１９９２年局直属１３座燃煤电厂，年排灰量３３８．１万ｔ，总利用量１０６万ｔ，利用率３１．４％。我省粉煤灰在农业方面的利用途径较广，其中用灰量较大的项目有：淤地造田、填坑造地、改良土壤、纯灰种植及育秧等，已取得较好的效果，用灰量占总利用量的８０％左右。     

Substrate-mediated interactions and intermolecular forces between molecules adsorbed on surfaces

Adsorbate interactions and reactions on metal surfaces have been investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy. The manners in which adsorbates perturb the surface electronic structure in their vicinity are discussed. The effects these perturbations have on other molecules are shown to be important in overlayer growth. Interactions of molecules with surface steps are addressed, and each molecule's electron affinity is shown to dictate its adsorption sites at step edges. Standing waves emanating from steps are demonstrated to effect transient molecular adsorption up to 40 A away from the step edge. Halobenzene derivatives are used to demonstrate how the surface is important in aligning reactive intermediates.     

Positional distribution of CLA in TAG of lamb tissues

The content and positional distribution of CLA in TAG fractions of lamb tissues was examined with either preformed CLA or the linoleic acid precursor of CLA in the diet as experimental treatments. The CLA content of phospholipid (PL) from these tissues was also examined. Thirteen lambs were randomized to the following dietary treatments: (i) control diet (no supplement); (ii) CLA supplementation (0.33 g d⁻¹ for 21 d prior to weaning) to milk-replacer of pre-ruminating lambs, or (iii) feeding linoleic acid-rich oil (6% safflower oil on a dry matter basis) to weaned ruminating lambs. At slaughter, tissue samples were procured from diaphragm, rib muscle, and subcutaneous (SC) adipose tissue. Safflower oil supplementation in the diet resulted in an increase in CLA content of the TAG from diaphragm, rib muscle, and SC adipose tissue by about threefold (P<0.05) on a mol% basis. CLA was localized to the sn-1/3 positions of TAG. Animals that received pre-formed CLA, however, had increased proportions of CLA at the sn-2 position of TAG from SC adipose tissue, suggesting that there were tissue-specific dietary effects and possible age-related effects on the mode of FA incorporation into TAG. Safflower oil supplementation in the diet had no effect on the CLA content of PL from diaphragm, rib muscle, and SC adipose tissue, suggesting that CLA was preferentially incorporated into the TAG of these tissues.     

怎样用《美图秀秀》追MM？

情人节说来就快来了,应该有很多被不幸加持了“孤单”状态的兄弟需要“抢救”DB？我来给大家支个招。现在这世道,要追到称心如意的MM,要么得有财,要么得有才。“财”那玩意儿咱就不说了,现在全球经济都不景气,股市也就那付囿模样……。所以,咱位得尽快在“才”方面有所突破,这样才能在MM面前有好的表现嘛!     

Antibacterial silver

The antibacterial activity of silver has long been known and has found a variety of applications because its toxicity to human cells is considerably lower than to bacteria. The most widely documented uses are prophylactic treatment of burns and water disinfection. However, the mechanisms by which silver kills cells are not known. Information on resistance mechanisms is apparently contradictory and even the chemistry of Ag(+) in such systems is poorly understood.Silver binds to many cellular components, with membrane components probably being more important than nucleic acids. It is difficult to know whether strong binding reflects toxicity or detoxification: some sensitive bacterial strains have been reported as accumulating more silver than the corresponding resistant strain, in others the reverse apparently occurs. In several cases resistance has been shown to be plasmid mediated. The plasmids are reported as difficult to transfer, and can also be difficult to maintain, as we too have found. Attempts to find biochemical differences between resistant and sensitive strains have met with limited success: differences are subtle, such as increased cell surface hydrophobicity in a resistant Escherichia coli.Some of the problems are due to defining conditions in which resistance can be observed. Silver(I) has been shown to bind to components of cell culture media, and the presence of chloride is necessary to demonstrate resistance. The form of silver used must also be considered. This is usually water soluble AgNO(3), which readily precipitates as AgCl. The clinically preferred compound is the highly insoluble silver sulfadiazine, which does not cause hypochloraemia in burns. It has been suggested that resistant bacteria are those unable to bind Ag(+) more tightly than does chloride. It may be that certain forms of insoluble silver are taken up by cells, as has been found for nickel. Under our experimental conditions, silver complexed by certain ligands is more cytotoxic than AgNO(3), yet with related ligands is considerably less toxic. There is evidently a subtle interplay of solubility and stability which should reward further investigation.     

基于Attention-CGRU网络的中文语音情感识别

正确识别语音中包含的情感信息可以大幅提高人机交互的效率.目前,语音情感识别系统主要由语音特征抽取和语音特征分类两步组成.为了提高语音情感识别准确率,选用语谱图而非传统声学特征作为模型输入,采用基于attention机制的CGRU网络提取语谱图中包含的频域信息和时域信息.实验结果表明:在模型中引入注意力机制有利于减少冗余信息的干扰,并且相较于基于LSTM网络的模型,采用GRU网络的模型预测精确度更高,且在训练时收敛更快,与基于LSTM的基线模型相比,基于GRU网络的模型训练时长只有前者的60%.     

Polarization holographic gratings in side-chain azobenzene polyesters with linear and circular photoanisotropy

We investigate thin phase polarization holographic gratings recorded with two waves with orthogonal linear polarizations in materials in which illumination with linearly/circularly polarized light gives rise to linear/circular birefringence. The theoretical analysis shows that the presence of circular photoanisot-ropy changes significantly the diffraction characteristics of the gratings. The intensities of the waves diffracted in the +1 and -1 orders of diffraction and their ratio depend substantially on the reconstructing-wave polarization. Experiments with films of side-chain liquid-crystalline azobenzene polyester that is a photoanisotropic material of the considered type confirm the unusual polarization properties. It is shown that polarization holography may be used for real-time simultaneous measurement of photoinduced linear and circular birefringence.