21世纪中国水价、水权与水市场建设研讨会召开

“21世纪中国水价、水权与水市场建设研讨会”于2001年3月20日在广西壮族自治区北海市开幕.在为期两天的研讨会上，有来自全国各地的近170位水行业的代表讨论和交流了中外水权和水价问题. 开幕式由主办方代表刘思政主持，广西壮族自治区水利厅副厅长陈中宁首先发表讲话，他代表广西对代表的到来表示欢迎，随后他向代表们介绍了广西的水价以及在水市场方面的情况.他说，此次研讨会的召开对广西水市场工作有指导意义. 参加会议的领导还有：中国水利经济研究会理事长陈美章、水利部经调司领导魏炳才、太湖流域管理局副局长叶寿仁、江苏省水利厅副厅长徐俊仁、湖南省水利厅副厅长皮颂妥、珠江水利经济研究会常务副理事长李志远. “21世纪中国水价、水权与水市场建设研讨会”引起了各新闻媒体的关注，水信息网、中国水利报、水利水电技术杂志、三联生活周刊、中国环境报等都派驻记者进行报道. (摘自“中国水利科技网”2001年3月20日)     

Structural Description of Polyaromatic Nucleus in Residue

The proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy （1H-NMR）, the synchronous fluorescence spectrometry （SFS） and the ruthenium ions catalyzed oxidation （RICO） method were used to determine the chemical structure of polyaromatic nucleus in Oman residue fractions. The results of 1H-NMR analyses showed that the average numbers of aromatic rings in the aromatics, resins and asphaltenes units were 3.2, 5.6 and 8.2, respectively. SFS was used to investigate the distribution of aromatic rings in residue fractions, the main distribution range of aromatic rings in aromatics, resins and asphaltenes were 3 4 rings, 3--5 rings and more than 5 rings, respectively. The aromatic network in residue fractions was oxidized to produce numerous carboxylic acids. The types and content of benzenepolycarboxylic acids, such as phthalic acid, benzenetricarboxylic acids, benzenetetracarboxylic acids, benzenepentacarboxylic acid and benzenehexacarboxylic acid disclosed the condensed types of aromatic nuclei in the core. The biphenyl fraction （BIPH）, the cata-condensed fraction （CATA）, the peri-condensed fraction （PERI） and the condensed index （BCI） were calculated based on the benzenepolycarboxylic acids formed. The results implied that there was less biphenyl type structures in all residue fractions. The aromatics fraction was almost composed of the cata-condensed type system, and the asphaltenes fraction was wholly composed of the peri-condensed type system, while in the resins fraction co-existed the two types, herein the peri-con- densed type was predominant over the cata-condensed type. Based on the analytical results obtained in the study, the components --aromatics, resins and asphaltenes -- were given the likely structural models.     

SECANT-FUZZY LINEAR REGRESSION METHOD FOR HARMONIC COMPONENTS ESTIMATION IN A POWER SYSTEM

In order to avoid unnecessary damage of electrical equipments and installations,high quality power should be delivered to the end user and strict control on frequency should be made, Therefore, it is important to estimate the power system's harmonic components with higher accuracy. This paper presents a new approach for estimating harmonic component in a power system using secant - fuzzy linear regression method. In this approach the non - sinusoidal voltage or current waveform is written as I linear function. The coefficient of this function is assumed to be fuzzy number with a membership function that has center and spread value. The time dependent quantity is written as Taylor series with two different time dependent quantities. The objective is to use the sample obtained from the transmission line to find the power system harmonic components and frequencies. We used an experimental voltage signal from a sub power station as a numerical test.     

光影艺术之门——数码相机手动功能简解

记得数月前还没有数码相机时，笔者对手动功能并没有一个具体的认识，只是知道相机有手动功能的话，对学习摄影技巧会有很大的帮助，基于这样的一个概念，笔者在挑选相机时，特地把手动列为必要的条件。而经过一段时间的实际拍摄后，倒也切身感受到丰富的手动功能对自身在摄像技巧、基础理解上的莫大卑益。     

762厂10kW调频发射机实现遥控

目前陕西 76 2厂生产的 10kW调频发射机在全国各地的发射台仍有相当数量。该机的控制小盒由于设计上存在一些漏洞 ,故障率相对较高 ,另说明书对发射机的遥控功能也没作详细介绍。本文结合实际分析了该机的遥控电路原理 ,并介绍用单片机实现遥控 ,以供参考。     

Establishing a System for Food Recalls to Protect Food Quality and Safety in China

There are no explicit laws concerning food recalls in China; moreover, some related regulations have weaknesses. China should first create a system of laws and regulations governing food recalls, establish a system to recall defective food, and strengthen administrative and legal remedial mechanisms related to consumer rights.     

利用RF—等离子气体法由SiO_2粉体合成SiC粉体

1.绪言由于气相反应法是得到高纯度微细颗粒的有效方法,所以有关合成SiC粉体方面的研究也就进行得特别广泛。若是将Si(CH_3)_4和SiH_4作为硅的来源,可利用气相反应,于1500℃以下得到超微粒的SiC粉体。然而,这些硅化物,作为工业制造SiC粉体的原料是昂贵的。如采用廉价的SiCl_4和CH_3SiCl_3则由于其生成SiC粉体的反应性能较低,而需要更高的温度。因此,许多专利都是利用等     

Dynamic proteome in enigmatic preeclampsia: an account of molecular mechanisms and biomarker discovery

The coevolution of genomics and proteomics has led to advancements in the field of diagnosis and molecular mechanisms of disease. Proteomics is now stepping into the field of obstetrics, where early diagnosis of pregnancy complication such as preeclampsia (PE) is imperative. PE is a multifactorial disease characterized by hypertension with proteinuria, which is a leading cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality occurring in 5-7% of pregnancies worldwide. This review discusses the probable molecular mechanisms that lead to PE and summarizes the proteomics research carried out in understanding the pathogenicity of PE, and for identifying the candidate biomarker for diagnosis of the disease.     

The influence of nonlinear fields on miniature hydrophone calibration using the planar scanning technique

Miniature polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hydrophones used in determining the power and intensity output of ultrasonic fields, including those radiated from diagnostic ultrasound equipment, were calibrated under a variety of field conditions using the planar scanning technique. A diagnostic B-scan piston-type transducer was used as a source, and the output intensity (spatial-peak pulse-average, or SPPA) was varied from 2 to 30 W/cm(2) while the total power was kept constant. The higher-intensity waveforms were significantly nonlinear in the focal region of the source. When the lateral beam profiles of the source (as measured by the hydrophone to be calibrated) were determined by positive-peak-detecting the ultrasonic pulse, the calibrated pressure sensitivity of the hydrophone systematically decreased as the field became progressively more nonlinear. When the beam profiles were measured using the pulse intensity integral, no systematic dependence of the calibration on field linearity was noted. These results imply that measured values of power and intensity of ultrasound diagnostic equipment may be dependent on the methodology utilized to map the lateral beam profiles of the transducer being measured, and the extent of nonlinear effects in the field under characterization.     

The GEM MAP algorithm with 3-D SPECT system response

In single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), every reconstruction algorithm must use some model for the response of the gamma camera to emitted gamma-rays. The true camera response is both spatially variant and object dependent. These two properties result from the effects of scatter, septal penetration, and attenuation, and they forestall determination of the true response with any precision. This motivates the investigation of the performance of reconstruction algorithms when there are errors between the camera response used in the reconstruction algorithm and the true response of the gamma camera. In this regard, the authors compare the filtered backprojection algorithm, the expectation-maximization maximum likelihood algorithm, and the generalized expectation maximization (GEM) maximum a posteriori (MAP) algorithm, a Bayesian algorithm which uses a Markov random field prior.