Optical measurements and analytical modeling of magnetic field generated in a dieletric target

Polarization rotation of a probe pulse by the target is observed with the Faraday rotation method in the interaction of an intense laser pulse with a solid target.The rotation of the polarization plane of the probe pulse may result from a combined action of fused silica and diffused electrons.After the irradiation of the main pulse,the rotation angle changed significantly and lasted ～2 ps.These phenomena may imply a persistent magnetic field inside the target.An analytical model is developed to explain the experimental observation.The model indicates that a strong toroidal magnetic field is induced by an energetic electron beam.Meanwhile,an ionization channel is observed in the shadowgraph and extends at the speed of light after the irradiation of the main beam.The formation of this ionization channel is complex,and a simple explanation is given.     

从太赫兹波到光波驱动的集成电子加速器研究进展

粒子加速器极大地推动了近代科学的发展。目前成熟的射频加速方案受限于不足100 MV/m的加速梯度，面临造价高、占地面积广、建设周期长等挑战，同时也限制了其在一些领域的应用和推广。因此，寻求新型的电子加速技术已成为加速器领域的重要研究方向。在更高频率的太赫兹和光频波段，太赫兹波导加速和电介质激光加速技术能够提供高达GV/m量级的加速梯度，近年来已相继实现了对非相对论和相对论电子的加速及相空间操控（如脉宽压缩、空间聚焦等），并演示了级联加速方案，为实现小型化的集成加速器奠定了基础。未来，集成加速器有望在实验室范围实现大型射频粒子加速器的功能，并引起物理、化学、生命科学、医学等多学科领域的突破。为更好地把握集成电子加速器的发展，梳理了从太赫兹波到光波驱动的电子加速研究进展，介绍了相干电子源和束流控制的相关技术，并进一步展望了新型集成加速器的研究和应用。