Effects of early-postmortem glycolytic rate on beef tenderness

Electrical stimulation (ES) was applied at 500 V to one side from each of 60 beef carcasses at 30 to 40 min postmortem. Wide ranges of early-postmortem glycolytic and cooling rates were produced in the musculature by use of three different forms of ES (in addition to non-ES treatment of the contralateral sides) and application of chilling routines of four different degrees of severity. Panel and Warner-Bratzler shear evaluations of loin steaks from all 120 sides showed that tenderness was highest when glycolysis had proceeded at an intermediate rate (corresponding to the attainment of a 3-h pH of about 6·1) and was appreciably lower on both sides of this mid-value. The toughening effect of rapid glycolysis (relative to that of a moderately increased glycolytic rate) persisted through 14 days of aging at 2°C.

These observations appear to be incompatible with the view that lysosomal enzymes contribute significantly to ES-induced tenderization. They also indicate that the effect of ES on tenderness is highly dependent on the subsequent cooling rate, very slow chilling sometimes accelerating the already high rate of pH fall to such an extent that the tissue is significantly toughened. Finally, they suggest that the goal of maximizing the early-postmortem rate of pH decline in bovine muscle is misguided and, if attained, will cause sub-optimal tenderness.     

Effects of 2-Hz and 60-Hz electrical stimulation on the microstructure of beef

A comparative electron-microscope study was made of the structural changes brought about in bovine longissimus dorsi muscle by 2-Hz and 60-Hz electrical stimulation. Apart from the frequency difference, the two treatments were identical: 500V AC, 600 pulses (2Hz × 300s and 60 Hz × 10 s), and a time of application of about 40 min post mortem. The low-frequency current produced no detectable tissue disruption or irregularity in sarcomere length, whereas the 60-Hz treatment caused widespread supercontraction and the formation of contraction nodes; many sarcomeres in the internodal zones were stretched or fractured. The observations confirm and extend those of our earlier light-microscope study, and support the view that fiber disruption contributes significantly to the tenderizing effect of high-voltage electrical stimulation.     

数控线切割附壁式射流元件的设计与研制

一、射流元件在流控技术研究中的地位我国和世界其他各国一样,在六十年代末和七十年代初曾对射流技术的长处估计过高,致命不少项目技术不够成熟和应用场合不恰当而被淘汰,也使一些人产生全面否定射流技术的看法。近年来,通过反复的实践和总结,射流技术的研究已逐步深入,发展的步伐也比较踏实。由于射流控制装置具有其独特的长处,特别是在一些防爆,耐腐蚀,耐高温,抗电磁干扰要求苛刻的场合,射流技术具有无可争辩的优越性,其可靠性和经济性也是一般电子     

IT专业课程设计质量存在问题及解决方案

针对IT专业课程设计中存在的问题,分别从引导学生正确认识课程设计的重要性、合理的组织与选题、科学的管理与考核3个方面探讨教学过程的改进方法与模式,并就如何提高IT专业课程设计的教学质量提出5点建议。     

基于网络中心战的空军电子对抗作战运用

传统以平台为中心的电子对抗作战方式是点对点的对抗,无法满足体系对抗的需要,以网络为中心的空军电子对抗作战运用在情报共享的基础上,合理、高效调用作战资源,使得作战方式更加灵活,作战效能更加突出.基于网络中心战的基本概念,探讨了基于网络中心战的机载电子对抗作战方式,由此得到了几点启示.     

粉末粒度对镍合金熔覆薄层组织及成分的影响

针对在钢基体表面熔覆镍合金薄层时稀释率高的问题,采用304不锈钢基体和两种不同粒度的Ni Cr Fe BSi合金粉末,在较高的扫描速度、较低的热输入下制备熔覆薄层,研究了粉末粒度及熔覆工艺参数对熔覆过程冶金反应及熔覆层微观组织与成分分布的影响。结果表明,在较低的热输入下即可将粉末完全熔化并加热至发生自钎反应的温度,熔覆合金在基体表面铺展,得到表面平整的熔覆层,无裂纹出现。采用厚度200μm,粒度范围70～100μm的镍合金粉末层,制备的熔覆层厚约170μm,稀释率较高;采用相同厚度的粒度约50μm的镍合金粉末层,获得了厚约130μm的熔覆层,稀释率低且熔覆界面更平整。由于更细的合金粉对激光能吸收率更高,在较低的热输入下即可熔化,传导至基体的热量显著降低,基体熔化少,热影响小。该方法可用于制备防护薄层及精密修复。     

基于RBFNN的烧结矿FeO含量预报系统研究

针对烧结矿FeO含量存在的非线性、随机性和不确定性的特点,提出了基于RBF神经网络的FeO含量测量模型,将烧结断尾图像特征和主要操作工艺参数等多种数据进行融合,对FeO含量进行在线预报,并开发了"烧结矿FeO含量在线智能检测系统".应用表明该模型计算量小、精度高,算法实用简单,达到了理想效果.     

基于过程方法建立质量管理体系的实践与探讨

采用过程方法可以提高组织关注过程结果和改进机会的能力,提高资源利用,并打破跨职能壁垒,从而提高质量管理体系的有效性。GJB 9001C—2017 《质量管理体系要求》倡导采用过程方法建立质量管理体系,结合装备质量管理体系建立的实践经验,主要对体系建立初期过程识别、过程关系确定和过程分析方法进行了详细阐述,为过程方法在质量管理体系建立中的应用提供了一定的参考。     

The medial scaffold of 3D unorganized point clouds

We introduce the notion of the medial scaffold, a hierarchical organization of the medial axis of a 3D shape in the form of a graph constructed from special medial curves connecting special medial points. A key advantage of the scaffold is that it captures the qualitative aspects of shape in a hierarchical and tightly condensed representation. We propose an efficient and exact method for computing the medial scaffold based on a notion of propagation along the scaffold itself, starting from initial sources of the flow and constructing the scaffold during the propagation. We examine this method specifically in the context of an unorganized cloud of points in 3D, e.g., as obtained from laser range finders, which typically involve hundreds of thousands of points, but the ideas are generalizable to data arising from geometrically described surface patches. The computational bottleneck in the propagation-based scheme is in finding the initial sources of the flow. We thus present several ideas to avoid the unnecessary consideration of pairs of points which cannot possibly form a medial point source, such as the "visibility of a point from another given a third point and the interaction of clusters of points. An application of using the medial scaffold for the representation of point samplings of real-life objects is also illustrated