Fully integrated CMOS UWB pulse generator

The design of a fully integrated CMOS ultra-wideband (UWB) pulse generator for the 3.1-10.6 GHz frequency band is presented. The pulse generation is based on the filter impulse response technique. With such a technique, the pulse matches the FCC mask with no need for an expensive external filter. The layout of this circuit in a 0.13 mum CMOS technology shows a surface area of less than 0.57 mm² and a power consumption of around 20 mW     

CMOS inverters based positive type second generation current conveyor

A new versatile class AB low-voltage second generation current conveyor based on CMOS inverters operating in transconductance mode is presented in this letter. Against traditional design based on CCII+, the circuit is able to operate at low supply voltages and offers numerous advantages like class AB operation, large voltage and current swing, synthesis from digital inverters. Simulation results from a typical 0.35 μm CMOS process had demonstrated the circuit capability to operate at high frequency over wide voltage and wide current swings. The proposed circuit operation has been acted from measurements with the HEF4069UBP from Philips semiconductors [1].     

Identification of the receptor subtype involved in the analgesic effect of neurotensin

The neuropeptide neurotensin (NT) elicits hypothermic and naloxone-insensitive analgesic responses after brain injection. Recent pharmacological evidence obtained with NT agonists and antagonists suggests that these effects are mediated by a receptor distinct from the initially cloned high-affinity NT receptor (NTR1). The recent cloning of a second NT receptor (NTR2) prompted us to evaluate its role in NT-induced analgesia. Intracerebroventricular injections in mice of two different antisense oligodeoxynucleotides from the NTR2 markedly decreased NTR2 mRNA and protein and reduced NT-induced analgesia. This effect was specific, because NTR1 levels were unaffected, and sense or scramble oligodeoxynucleotides had no effect. Structure-activity studies revealed a close correlation between the analgesic potency of NT analogs and their affinity for the NTR2 and disclosed potent and selective agonists of this receptor. These data confirm that NTR1 is involved in the NT-elicited turning behavior and demonstrate that the NTR2 mediates NT-induced analgesia.     

CAD-Oriented Model of a Coplanar Line on a Silicon Substrate Including Eddy-Current Effects and Skin Effect

Silicon technologies are now widely used for RF applications. Due to the substrate and conductor conductivity, losses and magnetic coupling affect the signal propagation in transmission lines. We propose an equivalent scheme for a transmission line taking these phenomena into account. All the parameters are analytically extracted from measurements. The magnetic coupling, including eddy currents, are described as series elements. They are affected by skin effects. The electric losses are described as parallel elements. They depend on the different layers that the electric field lines meet.     

OTA based on CMOS inverters and application in the design of tunable bandpass filter

A new operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) builds with CMOS inverters only is proposed in this paper. Simulations with typical BSIM3V3 parameters of a 0.35 μm CMOS process have shown a 3.56 GHz gain-bandwidth product under 2.5 V supply voltage. The corresponding total harmonic distortion is equal to 0.46% for 2 V peak–peak differential output voltage. At the same supply voltage, the circuit can provided at each output a voltage swing of 2.25 V peak–peak. From V_DD = 2 V to V_DD = 2.5 V the differential transconductance varies from 72 to 108.4 μΩ⁻¹. The corresponding common mode rejection ratio and the total power consumption are always lower than −31 dBc and 800 μW, respectively. Typical application of a biquad filter is proposed to illustrate the circuit capabilities.     

A self-duty-cycled 7.2–8.5 GHz IR-UWB receiver for low power and low data rate applications

A self-duty-cycled non-coherent impulse radio-ultra wideband receiver targeted at low-power and low-data-rate applications is presented. The receiver is implemented in a 130 nm CMOS technology and works in the 7.2–8.5 GHz UWB band, which covers the IEEE 802.15.4a and 802.15.6 mandatories high-band channels. The receiver architecture is based on a non-coherent RF front-end (high gain LNA and pulse detector) followed by a synchronizer block (clock and data recovery or CDR function and window generation block), which enables to shut down the power-hungry LNA between pulses to strongly reduce the receiver power consumption. The main functions of the receiver, i.e. the RF front-end and the CDR block, were measured stand-alone. A maximum gain of 40 dB at 7.2 GHz is measured for the LNA. The RF front-end achieves a very low turn-on time (<1 ns) and an average sensitivity of ?92 dBm for a 10^?3 BER at a 1 Mbps data rate. A root-mean-square (RMS) jitter of 7.9 ns is measured for the CDR for a power consumption of 54 µW. Simulation results of the fully integrated self-duty-cycled 7.2–8.5 GHz IR-UWB receiver (that includes the measured main functions) confirm the expected performances. The synchronizer block consumes only 125 µW and the power consumption of the whole receiver is 1.8 mW for a 3% power duty-cycle (on-window of 30 ns).     

Design method for fully integrated CMOS RF LNA

An efficient method for fully integrated RF CMOS LNA design is presented. A particular input matching topology enables inductor values to be selected in order to be integrated fully and to minimise the input losses. Moreover, an active device sizing method is used to achieve a 50 /spl Omega/ input impedance with a low noise factor. Simulations show a 3.0 dB noise figure at 2.45 GHz for a power consumption of 10 mW in a 0.28 /spl mu/m RF CMOS process.     

Measurement of the moisture content with a cylindrical resonatingcavity in TM010 mode

A new resonating mode has been used in a cylindrical cavity to measure the moisture content and the specific mass of cigarettes. A simple theoretic calculation gives the relation between the sample complex permittivity and the characteristics of the cavity. A model is proposed to extract the moisture content and the specific mass from the complex permittivity. An experimental setup has been demonstrated. It uses a servo-controlled oscillator. This setup is ready to be tried on a production machine     

A 9-pJ/Pulse 1.42-Vpp OOK CMOS UWB Pulse Generator for the 3.1–10.6-GHz FCC Band

This paper presents the design of a fully integrated ultra-wideband (UWB) pulse generator for the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) 3.1–10.6-GHz band. This generator is reserved for medium rate applications and achieves pulses for an on–off keying (OOK) modulation, pulse position modulation, or pulse interval modulation. This UWB transmitter is based on the impulse response filter method, which uses an edge combiner in order to excite an integrated bandpass filter. The circuit has been integrated in an ST-Microelectronics CMOS 0.13-$mu{hbox{m}}$ technology with 1.2-V supply voltage and the die size is 0.54 ${hbox{mm}}^{2}$. The pulse generator power consumption is 9 pJ per pulse and achieves a peak to peak magnitude of 1.42 V. The pulse is FCC compliant and the generator can be used with a rate up to 38 ${hbox{Mbs}}^{-1}$ with an OOK modulation. Based on the FCC power spectral density limitation, a sizing method is also presented.