Precipitous weakening of quartz at the α–β phase inversion

Crystalline quartz has long been identified as among the weakest of abundant crustal minerals. This weakness is particularly evident around the α–β phase inversion at 573°C, in which Si–O bonds undergo a displacive structural transformation from trigonal to hexagonal symmetry. Here we present data using indentation testing methodologies that highlight the precipitous extent of the transformational weakening. Although the indentations are localized over relatively small specimen contact areas, the data quantify the essential deformation and fracture properties of quartz in a predominantly (but not exclusively) compressive stress field, at temperatures and pressures pertinent to conditions in the earth's crust.     

Magnetic porous nano-carbon catalysts supported silver nanoparticles derived from chitin and their application in catalytic reduction reactions

The exploitation of recycled carbonaceous catalysts from renewable biomass resources such as chitin is a crucial issue for the development of the sustainable society. In this article, the chitin-based N and O doped carbon microspheres (ChC) were fabricated by a simple dissolution, sol–gel transformation, and the carbonization methods. Subsequently, the novel magnetic Ag-Fe₃O₄@chitin-based carbon microspheres catalyst (MChC) was successfully constructed through the in situ redox reaction. The as-prepared MChC possessed rich micropores with high-surface area, and a narrow size distribution (50–120 μm). The Ag-Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were immobilized through the interaction with C, N, and O atoms in the pores of MChC. The reduction of 4-nitrophenol was applied to evaluate the catalytic activity of MChC. 4-Nitrophenol (4-NP) could be fully reduced to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) in 5 min with the catalyst MChC-45. Moreover, MChC could be collected in solution with an external magnet in 8 s and remained relatively high-catalytic activity after 10 cycle times. This work provided novel ideas for the fabrication of doped carbon material from biomass and promoted its utilization in nanocatalytic applications.     

刮板输送机减速箱箱体模拟分析

为了解决刮板输送机减速箱箱体振动损坏的问题,利用数值模拟软件对箱体静力学进行分析,确定了输出箱螺栓孔为受力薄弱点,同时对固有频率振动云图进行分析发现,由于共振现象箱体出现平移振动.当传动系统出现振动时,造成齿轮在啮合时出现冲击受力,此时齿面的受力呈现不均匀性.最后对额定工况下的箱体最大动应力曲线呈现波动的态势,波动的应力值围绕14.1 MPa进行上下幅动,与0.0388 s的应力云图呈现一致,波动应力最大值为18.6 MPa,为刮板输送机减速器箱体优化提供一定的参考.     

总变差模型在书画打印宣纸印刷质量预测中的应用

为了建立适用于书画打印宣纸印刷质量的预测模型,本研究测量了14种书画打印宣纸的粗糙度、白度、不透明度、定量、光泽度和针对宣纸特别设定的帘纹深浅以及帘纹疏密度等表面物理参量,并在相同条件下,使用喷墨打印设备输出并测量印品色度值,利用总变差模型构建去除帘纹色差的测定方法,得到与人眼视觉特征相符的色差。运用GRNN广义回归神经网络结合书画打印宣纸表面物理参量与宣纸去帘纹后的色差值,建立预测模型。结果表明,该模型能够在仅测量书画打印宣纸表面物理参量的情况下,便能较为准确地预测书画打印宣纸印刷质量,为书画打印宣纸印刷前的选纸工作提供指导依据。     

Scanning tunneling spectroscopic study of monolayer 1T-TaS2 and 1T-TaSe2

Nano Research - The isostructural and isoelectronic transition-metal-dichalcogenides 1T-TaS2 and 1T-TaSe2 are layered materials with intricate electronic structures. Combining the molecular beam...     

Nanomaterials for radiotherapeutics-based multimodal synergistic cancer therapy

Over the past decade, numerous studies have attempted to enhance the effectiveness of radiotherapy (external beam radiotherapy and internal radioisotope therapy) for cancer treatment. However, the low radiation absorption coefficient and radiation resistance of tumors remain major critical challenges for radiotherapy in the clinic. With the development of nanomedicine, nanomaterials in combination with radiotherapy offer the possibility to improve the efficiency of radiotherapy in tumors. Nanomaterials act not only as radiosensitizers to enhance radiation energy, but also as nanocarriers to deliver therapeutic units in combating radiation resistance. In this review, we discuss opportunities for a synergistic cancer therapy by combining radiotherapy based on nanomaterials designed for chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, gas therapy, genetic therapy, and immunotherapy. We highlight how nanomaterials can be utilized to amplify antitumor radiation responses and describe cooperative enhancement interactions among these synergistic therapies. Moreover, the potential challenges and future prospects of radio-based nanomedicine to maximize their synergistic efficiency for cancer treatment are identified.

     

Mineralization of Para-Chlorobenzoic Acid in Water by Cobalt-Incorporated MCM-41 Catalyzed Ozonation

Cobalt-incorporated MCM-41(Co-MCM-41) was used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the ozonation of para-chlorobenzoic acid (p-CBA) in aqueous solution. Cobalt oxide supported on MCM-41(Co/MCM-41) was synthesized for comparison. Their textural properties were elucidated by various characterization techniques to understand the relationship between surface texture and catalytic activity. TOC removal at 60 min reached 91% with Co-MCM-41, 83% with Co/MCM-41 and only 52% with ozone alone, respectively. Observations from diffuse reflection spectroscopy demonstrated that different metal phases were formed in these cobalt-modified molecular sieves samples. Radical scavenger experiments indicated the formation of hydroxyl radicals that were responsible for the effective degradation of p-CBA. An integrated approach to the catalytic mechanism was proposed by considering the variation of pH in the course of ozonation as well as its subsequent influence on the dissociation of targeted compounds and surface charge of the catalyst. In the reusability experiments, the reused Co-MCM-41 was able to regain the same catalytic capability as the fresh one within 5 cycles. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicated that a part of Co²⁺ was oxidized to Co³⁺ after oxidation reaction.