The 3DP: a processor architecture for three-dimensionalapplications

The 3DP (3-Dimensional Processor), a parallel-computing architecture that targets problems that have a 3-D numerical structure and require numerous calculations on 3-D vectors, is described. The 3DP architecture differs from traditional scalar architectures in that it operates directly on vectors. It differs from general parallel architectures in that it can solve problems that predict the behavior of highly coupled systems, and it differs from vector architectures in that it runs efficiently on length-3 vectors. Object-oriented programming on the 3DP and programming the 3DP in C++ are discussed. 3DP performance is reviewed, and the current implementation of the 3DP architecture, as an attached processor that plugs directly into Sun host VMEbus, is described     

Functional Projection: How Fundamental Social Motives Can Bias Interpersonal Perception.

Results from 2 experimental studies suggest that self-protection and mate-search goals lead to the perception of functionally relevant emotional expressions in goal-relevant social targets. Activating a self-protection goal led participants to perceive greater anger in Black male faces (Study 1) and Arab faces (Study 2), both out-groups heuristically associated with physical threat. In Study 2, participants' level of implicit Arab-threat associations moderated this bias. Activating a mate-search goal led male, but not female, participants to perceive more sexual arousal in attractive opposite-sex targets (Study 1). Activating these goals did not influence perceptions of goal-irrelevant targets. Additionally, participants with chronic self-protective and mate-search goals exhibited similar biases. Findings are consistent with a functionalist, motivation-based account of interpersonal perception. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

精通碳管理 平衡可权衡因素，优化供应链管理效率

随着全球变暖,世界范围内关于减少温室气体排放的法规要求也日益严格。针对二氧化碳排放问题的很多机会存在于供应链管理之中,这迫使公司寻找新的方法来进行有效的碳管理;从采购和生产到配送和产品再生。供应链管理中的权衡不再只是关于成本．服务和质量，而是关于成本．服务．质量和碳排放。     

A heuristic design advisor for incorporating pollution prevention concepts in chemical process design

 The application of pollution prevention concepts to chemical process design is often hampered by lack of sufficient information about potential design alternatives. The high cost of collecting this information can thus present act as a constraint on the thoroughness of the final design optimization. One approach to dealing with such data constraints is the application of design heuristics. Particularly when coupled with the use of robust optimization methods, heuristic approaches can provide useful insight and direction at all stages of the design effort. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory has been developing a heuristic-based tool for use in chemical process design. Known as the Process Heuristic Review of Environmental Design (PHRED) this design tool uses conventional backwards chaining expert systems techniques to identify and prioritize applicable design heuristics based on a minimal set of process data. The development philosophy and current status of the PHRED tool are discussed in this paper. Received: 8 September 1998 / Accepted: 6 May 1999     

Multilevel Modeling of Two Cyclical Processes: Extending Differential Structural Equation Modeling to Nonlinear Coupled Systems.

The authors present a dynamical multilevel model that captures changes over time in the bidirectional, potentially asymmetric influence of 2 cyclical processes. S. M. Boker and J. Graham's (1998) differential structural equation modeling approach was expanded to the case of a nonlinear coupled oscillator that is common in bimanual coordination studies in which participants swing hand-held pendulums but is also applicable to social systems in general. The authors' nonlinear coupled oscillator model decomposed the fluctuations into a competitive component, unique to each individual variable, and a cooperative component that captured bidirectional influence. The authors' model also generated an index of the symmetry/asymmetry of bidirectional influence. Together, the models are useful quantitative tools for the study of interacting, changing processes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A nondestructive electrical test structure to monitor deep trench depth for automated parametric process control

A novel nondestructive measurement technique is proposed to electrically monitor the depth of a trench etched in silicon for the purpose of process control in a manufacturing environment. A simple bipolar npn transistor can be constructed, the gain of which is shown to relate to the trench depth. The ratio of the injected emitter current to the captured collector current has demonstrated the ability to resolve variations in trench depth of less than 0.2 /spl mu/m. The proposed structure is studied using two-dimensional simulations and experiments. A case study of two different silicon reactive ion etch tools is offered to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique.     

On the limits of electronic ATM switching

This article discusses the principal advantages and limitations of electronic switching in asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks. Key design parameters of ATM switch implementations are defined, and their relationships with respect to performance, complexity, and cost are modeled and discussed. Design and implementation experience is reported on a very high-performance four-input, four-output ATM switch that has been designed as part of the DARPA-sponsored “Thunder and Lightning” project at the University of California, Santa Barbara. This research project is focused on the design and prototype demonstration of ATM links and electronic switches operating at 40 Gb/s per link (TDM), with potential scalability to 100 Gb/s. Such aggressive link rates are near the implementation limits for electronic ATM switches; they place severe requirements on switch architecture, particularly the buffering scheme     

Dynamical evolutionary psychology: Individual decision rules and emergent social norms.

A new theory integrating evolutionary and dynamical approaches is proposed. Following evolutionary models, psychological mechanisms are conceived as conditional decision rules designed to address fundamental problems confronted by human ancestors, with qualitatively different decision rules serving different problem domains and individual differences in decision rules as a function of adaptive and random variation. Following dynamical models, decision mechanisms within individuals are assumed to unfold in dynamic interplay with decision mechanisms of others in social networks. Decision mechanisms in different domains have different dynamic outcomes and lead to different sociospatial geometries. Three series of simulations examining trade-offs in cooperation and mating decisions illustrate how individual decision mechanisms and group dynamics mutually constrain one another, and offer insights about gene-culture interactions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

精通碳管理平衡可权衡因素,优化供应链管理效率

随着全球变暖,世界范围内关于减少温室气体排放的法规要求也日益严格,针对二氧化碳排放问题的很多机会存在于供应链管理之中,这迫使公司寻找新的方法来进行有效的碳管理:从采购和生产到配送和产品再生.