AN ARISTOTELIAN SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM OF SOCIAL AUTOPOIESIS

This paper addresses the problem of social autopoiesis. We argue that to date no adequate solution to the problem of social autopoiesis exists and put this down to the lack of an adequate conception of a social autopoietic unity. We present such a solution based on our reconstruction of autopoiesis theory in a synthesis of Aristotelian/Maturanian metaphysics. From this we derive what we call the Enterprise model and test it against the six-point key of Varela et al. (1974). In light of our solution we then move to a consideration of further problems that may still cast doubt on the legitimacy of the notion of autopoiesis in the social domain. We conclude by arguing that such considerations are in fact groundless and do not materially affect our claims as to the autopoiesis of social systems.     

Imaging techniques for observing laminar geometry in the feather shaft cortex

By being at the interface of the exocytic and endocytic pathways, the plant trans-Golgi network (TGN) is a multitasking and highly diversified organelle. Despite governing vital cellular processes, the TGN remains one of the most uncharacterized organelle of plant cells. In this review, we highlight recent studies that have contributed new insights and to the generation of markers needed to answer several important questions on the plant TGN. Several drugs specifically affecting proteins critical for the TGN functions have been extremely useful for the identification of mutants of the TGN in the pursuit to understand how the morphology and the function of this organelle are controlled. In addition to these chemical tools, we review emerging microscopy techniques that help visualize the TGN at an unpreceded resolution and appreciate the heterogeneity and dynamics of this organelle in plant cells.     

"解剖怪兽"--格拉茨新艺术馆之挑战

位于奥地利城市格拉茨的新艺术馆以“友善的外星客”闻名。它是一个风格进的建筑。向建筑常规提出了多项挑战在文章中作者从四个角度分析了该建筑的独到之处：其一,对于格拉茨城市历史文脉的挑战——该市为联合国教科文组织认定的“世界遗产城”,亦为2003年欧洲文化之都．其二对于博物馆设计传统的挑战．其三复杂的生物几何设计是技术上的挑战．最后,则是给予来访者体验上的挑战——为建筑的惊人外表所诱,人们愿意探索艺术馆里面的奥秘而走进它。     

Computerized hierarchical production control in steel manufacture

Effective production scheduling is a major need of all large industrial plants. Hierarchical computer control offers a unique opportunity to develop such a facility since it is the one method by which present plant status of all production units can be correlated with sales needs in real-time.     

MEASUREMENTS AND ANALYSIS OF THE PARTICULATE EMISSION FROM A DIRECT INJECTION DIESEL

For five different operating conditions of varying speed and load, measurements have been made of the particulate emissions using a mini-dilution tunnel operated at different dilution ratios and air temperatures. Particles were sized by electron microscopy and employment of interactive computer graphics.

Analysis of results leads to conclusions that the organic fraction of the particulates can be explained by either an adsorption or condensation interaction with the gas phase. Account must be taken of the multi-component nature of the organic species and that adsorption is multilayer in modeling these processes.     

Variable amplitude cyclic deformation and fatigue behaviour of stainless steel 304L including step,periodic, and random loadings

This paper discusses cyclic deformation and fatigue behaviours of stainless steel 304L and aluminium 7075‐T6 under variable amplitude loading using strain‐controlled as well as load‐controlled tests. Load sequence effects were investigated in step tests with high‐low and low‐high sequences. For stainless steel 304L, strong hardening induced by the first step of the H‐L sequence significantly affects the fatigue behaviour, depending on the test control mode used. For periodic overload tests of stainless steel 304L, hardening due to the overloads was progressive throughout life and more significant than in H‐L step tests. For aluminium 7075‐T6, no effect on deformation behaviour was observed due to periodic overloads. However, the direction of the overloads was found to affect fatigue life, as tensile overloads led to longer lives, while compressive overloads led to shorter lives. Deformation and fatigue behaviours under random loading were also studied for the two materials. To correlate a broad range of fatigue life data for a material with strong deformation history effect, such as stainless steel, it is shown that a damage parameter with both stress and strain is required. The Smith‐Watson‐Topper parameter as such a parameter is shown to correlate the data reasonably well under different control modes and loading conditions.