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Hitoshi Masuda Chiyoshi Kamizawa Kunio Hata Kingo Yokota Tomoo Sakai Mitsuhiro Sato 《Desalination》1978,25(1):89-97
The evaporation drain of sulfite pulp spent liquor contains few volatile fatty acids, most of which is acetic acid. The main objective of this study is to recover acetic acid as the concentrated solution (about 4%), which could be used as a culture medium of the yeast. As acetic acid can easily pass through the cellulose acetate membrane, SP drains neutralized by NaOH, NH4OH and Ca(OH)2 were used as the feed solutions. In all cases, concentration by reverse osmosis was successfully carried out provided the appropriate pretreatment was employed. The recovery of acetic acid was 95.6, 90.5 and 98.2% for Na-, NH4-, and Ca-drain, respectively. In addition, the recovered (permeated) water may be used as an industrial one. 相似文献
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Masaji Matsuda Chiyoshi Kamizawa Hitoshi Masuda Takashi Nakane Noriaki Sato 《Desalination》1979,29(3):275-284
Taking note of the affinity of some reverse osmosis membranes to Au(CN)-2 in the citrate buffered gold plating rinse, we accomplished the recovery of gold by the adsorption to some polymers. Among several polymers, tested nylon fibre had the most excellent characteristics of adsorption. The amount of adsorption of gold on nylon fiber increased with a decrease in pH value of the solution, and 7.5 mg of gold was adsorbed on 1 g of nylon fiber at pH 3, 25°C. The rate of adsorption increased with an increase in temperature. In the case of desorption, the solution containing cyanide ions at a pH as high as 10 was desirable to be employed as an eluant. By passing the simulated plating rinse through a column of nylon fiber, the adsorption and desorption of gold was successfully accomplished. The maximum concentration of gold in the eluant was approximately 600 ppm. 相似文献
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Chiyoshi Kamizawa 《应用聚合物科学杂志》1978,22(10):2867-2879
Transport phenomena of several kinds of metal complexes were investigated with cellulose acetate membranes annealed at 65°–76°C. In reverse osmosis experiments, the rejections of metal complexes involving organic sequestering agents such as EDTA or citric acid were much higher than those of the corresponding metal ions. While, in the case of metal complexes involving small inorganic ligands such as NH3 or SCN-, their rejections did not necessarily increase with the increase in the coordination numbers of the metal ions. To more precisely understand such transport behaviors, the distribution and the diffusion coefficients of metal complexes were obtained by desorption-rate measurements with dense cellulose acetate membranes. The results revealed that the distribution of a metal ion to the membrane was largely depended on the coexisting ligands. Attempts were also made to explain the distribution coefficient from the microscopic point of view by using Glueckauf's equation. 相似文献
4.
Chiyoshi Kamizawa Hitoshi Masuda Masaji Matsuda Takashi Nakane Hideo Akami 《Desalination》1978,27(3):261-272
Studies on the treatment of citrate buffered gold plating rinse were carried out with four types of membranes. For three membranes (NS-200, polybenzimidazolone, aromatic polyamide), the rejections of gold were more than 92% in the initial stage of the concentration process, but they decreased remarkably with the increase in the concentration of the feed. For the cellulose acetate membrane, negative rejection was observed as Golomb pointed out. To understand the phenomena more clearly, the relationship between the state of the species in the solution and their permeation behavior was investigated in detail. It was shown that in multiion solutions such as gold plating rinse, a less permeable ion such as the citrate ion improved the permeability of a more permeable ion of like charge such as Au(CN)-2. Therefore the recovery of gold was as low as 85% at most in a five-fold concentration of the rinse. 相似文献
5.
Fernando Y. Chiyoshi Reinaldo Morabito 《International Transactions in Operational Research》2011,18(6):663-678
The aim of this study is to develop a Tabu Search (TS) procedure for the Extended Maximal Availability Location Problem (EMALP). This probabilistic location problem consists of locating the servers of the system so that the expected coverage of demand is maximized, in which a demand area is said to be covered if there is at least one server available within a given critical distance with a probability greater than or equal to a given reliability. The results obtained from this procedure are compared with those obtained from the Simulated Annealing (SA) procedure developed by Galvão et al. for the same problem. To the best of our knowledge, we are not aware of other methods proposed in the literature to solve the EMALP. The computational results show that in terms of the quality of the solutions, SA slightly outperforms TS for the smaller networks, while TS outperforms SA for the larger networks. 相似文献
6.
The conditions of fabrication of asymmetric tubular cellulose acetate membranes was investigated. In the fabrication process, the chief determining factor of membrane performance was the amount of evaporation of solvent in the casting solution. To measure the evaporation amount a test sample of a membrane was collected by using a device at each section of the tube.The evaporation amount of acetone and membrane performance were measured with the membranes fabricated by various methods of casting, and the relationship between them studied from their distribution curve. The vapor of acetone evaporated from a membrane caused a downward stream in the tube. Therefore a casting bob was modified to prevent the steam and maintain the atmosphere in the tube constant.In the fabrication process using a modified bob, the rate of evaporation and evaporation time were kept constant over the whole region of a tube to obtain a uniform tubular membrane. 相似文献
7.
Shigeru Tanaka Ken Takahashi Yasutaka Suzuki Chiyoshi Akita Naoki Ohashi Hajime Haneda Junzo Tanaka 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1991,74(10):2675-2678
Grain boundaries of SiC ceramics doped with 2 wt% BeO were investigated using isothermal capacitance transient spectroscopy (ICTS). ICTS signals were observed above 433 K and the resulting capacitance-time curves (under bias and zero bias) were ascribed to interfacial states at the grain boundaries. The signals were sharp compared to those of the SrTiO3 ─Bi2 O3 system, suggesting that the structural disorder of grain boundaries in the SiC─BeO system was relatively small. It was determined that the interfacial state was located 0.92 eV above the valence band. 相似文献
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An Optimally Controlled Respirator 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mitamura Yoshinori Mikami Tomohisa Sugawara Hiromi Yoshimoto Chiyoshi 《IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering》1971,(5):330-338
An optimally controlled respirator was developed. It has three main features: 1) ventilation is controlled by the patient's metabolic rate from continuously measured C02 output, 2) physiologic dead space approximated as a linear function of tidal volume is used to estimate alveolar ventilation, and 3) respiratory rate is computed to minimize ventilatory work. 相似文献
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