We report an application of Kalman filtering to the inverted pendulum (IP) of the Virgo gravitational wave interferometer. Using subspace method system identification techniques, we calculated a linear mechanical model of Virgo IP from experimental transfer functions. We then developed a Kalman filter, based on the obtained state space representation, that estimates from open loop time domain data, the state variables of the system. This allows the observation (and eventually control) of every resonance mode of the IP mechanical structure independently. 相似文献
Three hundred individual ewe's milks and six bulk milks were analysed over two seasons. The results show that in spring but not in winter the milks examined conform substantially to the standards laid down by Italian legislation. Nevertheless, the data acquired constitute a good starting point from which the quality of ewe's milk produced on the Calabrian Mount Poro plateau should be improved, by performing selection of sheep for mastitis resistance based on somatic cell count, improving the hygiene standards at the dairy, using selected autochthonous lactic starter cultures and, only if strictly necessary, thermal treatment of the milk. 相似文献
Novel palladium N‐heterocyclic‐carbene (NHC)‐based complexes with 3,4,5‐trimethoxybenzyl, alkyl and sulfonate N‐substituents were obtained and fully characterized. The new complexes were used as pre‐catalysts in the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of various aryl halides/boron sources in glycerol under pulsed‐ultrasound (P‐US) activation. High yields were obtained under mild reaction conditions, without formation of undesired by‐products. The pure final cross‐coupling products were easily recovered without column chromatography and the catalytic/solvent system could be recycled. TEM (transmission electron microscopy) and XPS (X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy) were used to characterize the nanoparticles and to investigate the fate of the catalysts. 相似文献
This paper proposes a novel approach for the evaluation of the performance achieved by trainees involved in cyber security exercises implemented in modern cyber ranges. Our main contributions include: the definition of a distributed monitoring architecture for gathering relevant information about trainees activities; an algorithm for modeling the trainee activities using directed graphs; novel scoring algorithms, based on graph operations, that evaluate different aspects (speed, precision) of a trainee during an exercise. With respect to previous work, our proposal allows to measure exactly how fast a user is progressing towards an objective and where he does wrong. We highlight that this is currently not possible in the most popular cyber ranges.
The crystal structure of the mouse major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecule H-2Dd with an immunodominant peptide, designated P18-I10 (RGPGRAFVTI), from human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein 120 was determined at 3.2 A resolution. A novel orientation of the alpha3 domain of Dd relative to the alpha1/alpha2 domains results in significantly fewer contacts between alpha3 and beta2-microglobulin compared with other MHC class I proteins. Four out of ten peptide residues (P2 Gly, P3 Pro, P5 Arg and P10 Ile) are nearly completely buried in the Dd binding groove. This is consistent with previous findings that Dd exploits a four-residue binding motif comprising a glycine at P2, a proline at P3, a positively charged residue at P5, and a C-terminal hydrophobic residue at P9 or P10. The side-chain of P5 Arg is directed toward the floor of the predominantly hydrophobic binding groove where it forms two salt bridges and one hydrogen bond with Dd residue Asp77. The selection of glycine at P2 appears to be due to a narrowing of the B pocket, relative to that of other class I molecules, caused by Arg66 whose side-chain folds down into the binding cleft. Residue P3 Pro of P18-I10 occupies part of pocket D, which in Dd is partially split by a prominent hydrophobic ridge in the floor of the binding groove formed by Trp97 and Trp114. Residues P6 through P9 form a solvent-exposed bulge, with P7 Phe protruding the most from the binding groove and thereby probably constituting a major site of interaction with T cell receptors. A comparison of H-2Dd/P18-I10 with other MHC class I/peptide complexes of known structure provides insights into the possible basis for the specificity of the natural killer cell receptor Ly-49A for several related class I molecules. 相似文献
Entry of influenza virus into the host cell is dependent on the fusion of the viral envelope with the endosomal membrane and is mediated by a low-pH-induced change of the viral hemagglutinin (HA) to a conformation that is fusogenic. A compound related to podocarpic acid (180299) was identified that inhibits multicycle replication of influenza A/Kawasaki/86 (H1N1) virus in culture. Treatment of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells with 180299 at 1 h before infection resulted in the inhibition of viral protein synthesis. Addition of 20 microgram of 180299/ml at 1 h p.i. had no effect, indicating that 180299 affects an early step of the influenza viral replication cycle. Genetic analysis of reassortants between sensitive and resistant viruses demonstrated that hemagglutinin (HA) conferred the 180299-resistant (180299(r)) phenotype. Twelve independent isolates of influenza A/Kawasaki/86 were selected for resistance to 180299, and sequence analysis revealed that each of these viruses contained amino acid substitutions in the HA. These mutations are dispersed throughout the HA primary amino acid sequence and cluster in one of two regions: the interface between HA1 and HA2 and in a region near the fusion domain of HA2. When compared with the parent virus, the pH-of-inactivation of the resistant mutants was increased by 0.3 to 0.6 pH unit, suggesting that the mutant HAs undergo the conformational change at an elevated pH. Fusion of human erythrocytes to MDCK cells infected with parent influenza A/Kawasaki/86 was inhibited by 180299 (0.1-10 microgram/ml) in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas fusion of erythrocytes to MDCK cells infected with 180299(r) mutants was not affected. These results suggest that 180299 interacts with the neutral pH conformation of influenza A HA and prevents the low-pH-induced change of HA to its fusogenic conformation. 相似文献
Monohalo‐ and dihalodiynes efficiently undergo [2+2+2] cyclotrimerization with nitriles in the presence of a catalytic amount of the ruthenium complex Cp*RuCl(cod) (10 mol%) to afford the corresponding halopyridines under ambient conditions in good isolated yields (up to 90%). The halopyridines are formed as two separable regioisomers. This is the first example of a direct synthesis of halopyridines from haloalkynes and nitriles.