Assisted Electrochemical Hydroconversion of Heterocompounds Present in Fuel and Oil Using Active Hydrogen Passing through a Pd Membrane

Abstract

The assisted electrochemical conversion of thiophenes, pyridines, porphyrins, and metalloporphyrins using active hydrogen passing through a Pd membrane is reported. This novel process has potential implications in the hydrotreating field, because relatively high conversions can be achieved for reactions performed under mild conditions (25°C and 1 atm), applying an optimum current density value to produce atomic hydrogen through the well-known water electrolysis process. Some applications are envisaged for this process still in embryonic phases: (1) the finishing process to produce ultra-low-sulfur fuels; (2) terminal hydrotreating, and (3) small or medium-sized refineries.     

Analysis of Fresnel field of a subreflector by an optimal use of FFT

An iterative procedure based on pseudosampling is presented for the analysis of subreflector Fresnel fields on an arbitrary surface. The method improves the efficiency of the subreflector PO analysis which, today, is the only available technique for dichroic surfaces. The procedure retains all the advantages of the pseudosampling technique with respect to the computer time, mainly for multifeed illuminations and complex geometries.     

New method of far-field reconstruction from Fresnel field

The letter is concerned with the near-field/far-field transformation based on the pseudosampling representations of fields. In the Fresnel small-angle approximation the present procedure allows the far-field reconstruction from near-field samples without requiring a matrix inversion. The approach drastically reduces the storage requirements of the method.