Interference Evaluation in Cellular Networks

Interference in cellular networks is one of the most common problems in the radio access network. In fact, it is the major issue in cellular networks that affects performances and quality of service. Indeed, interference can be caused by a call on the same frequency from neighboring cell, or a call on an adjacent channel in the same or in neighboring cell. So, we can classify interference on intra-cell interference and inter-cell interference. In 4G, thanks to the use of orthogonal frequency division multiple access and single carrier frequency division multiple access as access techniques in downlink and uplink respectively, intra-cell interference is reduced compared to the inter cell one which caused by the frequency reuse one mechanism and the femto cells deployment. In this work, we will evaluate the interference in different cellular network standards from 2G to 4G.     

斜轧穿孔法制备Ti80合金无缝管工艺分析

运用有限元技术模拟了两辊斜轧穿孔法制备Ti80合金无缝管坯的三维热力耦合过程。仿真结果能动态显示坯料从咬入到稳定穿孔再到穿出3个阶段复杂的塑性成形过程,并能辅助分析中心孔腔的形成机理以及坯料在穿孔阶段各物理场量的分布。结果表明:坯料刚接触顶头时,中心金属存在明显塑性变形,结合轧制中心线上不同方向的正应力状态为(+,-,+),判断中心孔腔的形成为拉应力作用下的塑性开裂。在穿孔过程中,坯料的应变分布沿轴向呈U1+W+2U2形态,沿径向为片层状,最终穿制毛管等效应变可达5～11;坯料的外表面与导盘接触区应变速率为0.71～3.6s~(-1),而与轧辊接触区高达4.6～26s~(-1),大的应变速率有助于毛管的塑性成形过程;顶头前坯料的温度最高,与穿孔工具接触的区域温度略有降低,但绝大部分变形区温度都处于单相区。模拟所得全流程顶头轴向力与轧制力的变化呈现典型的3阶段分布,其中稳定穿孔阶段力能参数的均值接近试验所得,从而验证了模型的准确性。基于有限元模拟的工艺条件,在实验轧机上一火次顺利穿制出Ti80合金无缝管坯,其显微组织展现为单一的魏氏组织形态,且由于变形剧烈,从外表面到中间层再到内表面均为等轴细小的β动态再结晶晶粒;力学性能测试表明该组织状态下的毛管的强度和塑性均满足指标要求。     

酵母抽提物自溶工艺优化

以高活性面包酵母为原材料,通过酵母自溶获得酵母抽提物,研究影响自溶过程中的各种因素,通过单因素及正交试验,优化得到最佳的环境条件为:温度45℃,pH6.5,料液比1∶10,添加2%NaCl和0.5%乙醇,获得酵母抽提物氨基酸态氮的含量为4.16%;再经高压均质的破壁处理,结合对自溶过程进行摇床振荡,酵母抽提物的氨基酸态氮得率较未经处理的提高了29%,达到5.45%,获得的酵母提取物风味醇厚,呈鲜味,略带酱香气。     

节能优先能源战略的经济学讨论

从我国面临科学发展和转变经济发展方式迫切需求出发,分析节能降耗的总体经济效益,以探讨实施积极的节能降耗目标的经济合理性。笔者对"十一五"期间节能降耗工作的总体经济效益进行了评估,用数据和事实肯定了"十一五"节能降耗的巨大经济效益;并分析了提高能效对我国"十二五"转变经济发展方式,支持长期可持续经济发展的宏观经济效果及其必要性和合理性。     

基于加工图的新型钛合金斜轧穿孔温度预测

采用GLeeble-3500热模拟机对新型海洋用钛合金Ti80进行压缩试验,研究了该合金流动应力在不同变形参数下的变化,并建立了高温本构方程和热加工图。由加工图中优化出的高功率耗散安全区,初步判断斜轧穿孔法制备Ti80合金无缝管坯时的棒料初始温度；并由有限元模拟及物理实验予以验证。结果表明：在同一应变速率下,Ti80合金流动应力对温度的敏感程度不同,在两相区变形,流变应力会随温度的降低而急剧增大；在单相区变形,流动应力则相差不大。建立的应变补偿型Arrhenius双曲正弦函数,经验证能够准确预测流动应力的变化。所绘热加工图明确指出了Ti80合金热塑性成型时两个优化的工艺窗口：一是在两相区低应变速率,即925-975℃/0.01-0.1s_-1附近；二是在单相区中等应变率,即1050-1100℃/0.1-1s_-1附近。进一步对棒料初始温度在950、1050和1100℃条件下的斜轧穿孔过程进行三维热力耦合有限元模拟,发现950℃穿孔时顶头轴向力会激增为单相区穿孔时的5-6倍,从而导致扎卡；而单相区穿孔均能顺利进行。为降低能耗,最终确定棒料初始温度1050℃为最优穿孔温度,并且在狄舍尔斜轧穿孔机上一火次成功试制出Ti80合金无缝管坯。     

DC operation analysis of induction coil fluxmeters with integrating amplifiers

Modern fluxmeter operation is based on electronic integration. A system consisting of an induction coil and an integrator can be used to measure incremental changes in the flux linkages associated with the induction coil. A rigorous proof is presented that the inductance and self-capacitance of the induction coil, as well as the parasitics of the load resistor, do not influence the integrator output in measurement of incremental flux linkages using DC operation of the fluxmeter. The theoretical analysis is confirmed by experimental results.     

FIR modeling of voltage instrument transformers with iron core for the study of fast transients

Modern electronics found in various measuring equipment is sensitive to the effect of transient over-voltages. This paper treats the measurement procedure for the estimation of Finite Impulse Response (FIR) models of voltage instrument transformers, dedicated for the study of fast electromagnetic transients, with the special concern to its influence on the equipment connected to the secondary. A black-box approach is applied, and the model identification is based solely on a single measurement with the impulse excitation. The paper proposes two different procedures for the estimation of the analytical expression of the excitation, based on the parameters of the impulse generator or its estimation using a least-squares procedure. The frequency response of the transformer is used for the design of an initial FIR model, which was further reduced using corrected Akaike information criterion. This way the duration of the transient response calculation is further decreased, and the computation complexity reduced. Once determined, the FIR model allows, through the digital filtering operation (closely related to the concept of recursive convolution), a very easy time-domain calculation of the system’s response at any excitation.     

能源发展战略和规划的系统优化问题讨论

能源是经济社会发展的重要基础，是十分重要的经济部门。由于能源系统十分复杂，又和经济社会发展本身有密切的互动关系，投资总量巨大，所以能源系统的优化意义重大。力求为能源系统的合理发展和优化发展确定目标和具体路径，防止出现系统的失误，避免系统性的巨大损失。     

An automated essay scoring systems: a systematic literature review

Assessment in the Education system plays a significant role in judging student performance. The present evaluation system is through human assessment. As the number of teachers' student ratio is gradually increasing, the manual evaluation process becomes complicated. The drawback of manual evaluation is that it is time-consuming, lacks reliability, and many more. This connection online examination system evolved as an alternative tool for pen and paper-based methods. Present Computer-based evaluation system works only for multiple-choice questions, but there is no proper evaluation system for grading essays and short answers. Many researchers are working on automated essay grading and short answer scoring for the last few decades, but assessing an essay by considering all parameters like the relevance of the content to the prompt, development of ideas, Cohesion, and Coherence is a big challenge till now. Few researchers focused on Content-based evaluation, while many of them addressed style-based assessment. This paper provides a systematic literature review on automated essay scoring systems. We studied the Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning techniques used to evaluate automatic essay scoring and analyzed the limitations of the current studies and research trends. We observed that the essay evaluation is not done based on the relevance of the content and coherence.

     

Nanoconfined LiBH4 as a Fast Lithium Ion Conductor

Designing new functional materials is crucial for the development of efficient energy storage and conversion devices such as all solid‐state batteries. LiBH₄ is a promising solid electrolyte for Li‐ion batteries. It displays high lithium mobility, although only above 110 °C at which a transition to a high temperature hexagonal structure occurs. Herein, it is shown that confining LiBH₄ in the pores of ordered mesoporous silica scaffolds leads to high Li⁺ conductivity (0.1 mS cm^?1) at room temperature. This is a surprisingly high value, especially given that the nanocomposites comprise 42 vol% of SiO₂. Solid state ⁷Li NMR confirmed that the high conductivity can be attributed to a very high Li⁺ mobility in the solid phase at room temperature. Confinement of LiBH₄ in the pores leads also to a lower solid‐solid phase transition temperature than for bulk LiBH₄. However, the high ionic mobility is associated with a fraction of the confined borohydride that shows no phase transition, and most likely located close to the interface with the SiO₂ pore walls. These results point to a new strategy to design low‐temperature ion conducting solids for application in all solid‐state lithium ion batteries, which could enable safe use of Li‐metal anodes.