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Dasygenis M. Brockmeyer E. Durinck B. Catthoor F. Soudris D. Thanailakis A. 《Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, IEEE Transactions on》2006,14(3):279-291
Memory latency has always been a major issue in embedded systems that execute memory-intensive applications. This is even more true as the gap between processor and memory speed continues to grow. Hardware and software prefetching have been shown to be effective in tolerating the large memory latencies inherit in large off-chip memories; however, both types of prefetching have their shortcomings. Hardware schemes are more complex and require extra circuitry to compute data access strides, while software schemes generate prefetch instructions, which if not computed carefully may hamper performance. On the other hand, some applications domains (such as multimedia) have a uniform and known a priori memory access pattern, that if exploited, could yield significant application performance improvement. With this characteristic in mind, we present our findings on hiding memory latency using the direct memory access (DMA) mode, which is present in all modern systems, combined with a software prefetch mechanism, and a customized on-chip memory hierarchy mapping. Compared to previous approaches, we are able to estimate the performance and power metrics, without actually implementing the embedded system. Experimental results on nine well known multimedia and imaging applications prove the efficiency of our technique. Finally, we verify the performance estimations by implementing and simulating the algorithms on the TI C6201 processor. 相似文献
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Nikolaos Kroupis Nikolaos Zervas Minas Dasygenis Konstantinos Tatas Antonios Argyriou Dimitrios Soudris Antonios Thanailakis 《The Journal of VLSI Signal Processing》2006,44(1-2):153-171
The continuous increase of the computational power of programmable processors has established them as an attractive design
alternative, for implementation of the most computationally intensive applications, like video compression. To enforce this
trend, designers implementing applications on programmable platforms have to be provided with reliable and in-depth data and
instruction analysis that will allow for the early selection of the most appropriate application for a given set of specifications.
To address this need, we introduce a new methodology for early and accurate estimation of the number of instructions required
for the execution of an application, together with the number of data memory transfers on a programmable processor. The high-level
estimation is achieved by a series of mathematical formulas; these describe not only the arithmetic operations of an application,
but also its control and addressing operations, if it is executed on a programmable core. The comparative study, which is
done using three popular processors (ARM, MIPS, and Pentium), shows the high efficiency and accuracy of the methodology proposed,
in terms of the number of executed (micro-)instructions (i.e. performance) and the number of data memory transfers (i.e. memory
power consumption). Using the proposed methodology we estimated an average deviation of 23% in our estimated figures compared
with the measurements taken from the real execution on the CPUs.
This work was supported by the project PENED ’99 ED501 funded by GSRT of the Greek Ministry of Development, and the project
PRENED ’99 KE 874 funded by the Research Committee of the Democritus University of Thrace. This work was partially sponsored
by a scholarship from the Public Benefit Foundation of Alexander S. Onassis (Minas Dasygenis).
Nikolaos Kroupis was born in Trikala in 1976. He receiver the engineering degree and Ms.C. degree in Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering from Democritous University of Thrace, Greece, in 2000 and 2002, respectively. Since 2002 he has been a Ph.D.
student at the Laboratory of Electrical and Electronic Materials Technology. His research interests are in software/hardware
co-design of embedded system for signal processing applications.
Nikos D. Zervas received a Diploma in Electrical & Computer Engineering from University of Patras, Greece in 1997. He received the Ph.D.
degree in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering of the same University in 2004. His research interests are
in the area of high-level, power optimization techniques and methodologies for multimedia and telecommunication applications.
He has received an award from IEEE Computer Society in the context of Low-Power Design Contest of 2000 IEEE Computer Elements
Mesa Workshop. Mr. Zervas is a member of the IEEE, ACM and of the Technical Chamber of Greece.
Minas Dasygenis was born in Thessaloniki in 1976. He received his Diploma in Electrical and Computer Engineering in 1999, from the Democritus
University of Thrace, Greece, and for his diploma Thesis he was honored by The Technical Chamber of Greece and Ericsson Hellas.
In 2005, he received his PhD Degree from the Democritus University of Thrace. His research interests include low-power VLSI
design of arithmetic circuits, residue number system, embedded architectures, DSPs, hardware/ software codesign and IT security.
He has published more than 20 papers in international journals and conferences and he has been a principal researcher in three
European research projects.
Konstantinos Tatas received his degree in Electrical and Computer Engineering from the Democritus University of Thrace, Greece in 1999. He received
his Ph.D. in the VLSI Design and Testing Center in the same University by June 2005. He has been employed as an RTL designer
in INTRACOM SA, Greece between 2000 and 2003. His research interests include low-power VLSI design of DSP and multimedia systems,
computer arithmetic, IP core design and design for reuse.
Antonios Argyriou received the degree in Electrical and Computer engineering from the Democritous University of Thrace, Greece, in 2001, and
the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical and Computer engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, in 2003
and 2005, respectively. His primary research interests include wireless networks, mobile computing and multimedia communications.
He is a member of the IEEE and ACM.
Dimitrios Soudris received his Diploma in Electrical Engineering from the University of Patras, Greece, in 1987. He received the Ph.D. Degree
in Electrical Engineering, from the University of Patras in 1992. He is currently working as Ass. Professor in Dept. of Electrical
and Computer Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece. His research interests include low power design, parallel
architectures, embedded systems design, and VLSI signal processing. He has published more than 140 papers in international
journals and conferences. He was leader and principal investigator in numerous research projects funded from the Greek Government
and Industry as well as the European Commission (ESPRIT II-III-IV and 5th and 6th IST). He has served as General Chair and
Program Chair for the International Workshop on Power and Timing Modelling, Optimisation, and Simulation (PATMOS). He received
an award from INTEL and IBM for the project results of LPGD #25256 (ESPRIT IV). He is a member of the IEEE, the VLSI Systems
and Applications Technical Committee of IEEE CAS and the ACM.
Antonios Thanailakis was born in Greece on August 5, 1940. He received B.Sc. degrees in physics and electrical engineering from the University
of Thessaloniki, Greece, 1964 and 1968, respectively, and the Msc. and Ph.D. Degrees in electrical engineering and electronics
from UMIST, Manchester, U.K. in 1968 and 1971, respectively. He has been a Professor of Microelectronics in Dept. of Electrical
and Computer Eng., Democritus Univ. of Thrace, Xanthi, Greece, since 1977. He has been active in electronic device and VLSI
system design research since 1968. His current research activities include microelectronic devices and VLSI systems design.
He has published a great number of scientific and technical papers, as well as five textbooks. He was leader for carrying
out research and development projects funded by Greece, EU, or other organizations on various topics of Microlectronics and
VLSI Systems Design (e.g. NATO, ESPRIT, ACTS, STRIDE). 相似文献
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