The Soft-Contact Method and Instruments for Measuring the Surface Temperature of Solids

A method and instruments based on it are proposed for the contact measurement of surface temperature when carrying out industrial experiments and when monitoring technological parameters.     

Securing safe operation of VVÉR reactor systems in nuclear power plants

The safe operation of VVéR reactors has been discussed throughout the entire design process, taking account of the normative documentation, including the international requirements (IAEA, EUR). After the first domestic normative document “Basic principles for securing the safety of nuclear power plants” was approved in 1973, work began on the reconstruction of the first-generation VVéR-440 power-generating units. The measures taken to increase safety concerned all types of reactors VVéR-440 and-1000. Information on implementing these measures is presented. __________ Translated from Atomnaya énergiya, Vol. 101, No. 2, pp. 87–93, August, 2006.     

Neutron and capture γ-ray accumulation factors in engineering calculations of reactor shielding

Translated from Atomnaya Énergiya, Vol. 66, No. 5, pp. 321–324, May, 1989.     

Formation of copper lines on dielectric substrates by the thermotensography method

It has been shown that the thermotensographic process in the layer of a copper dibromide solution in ethanol followed by catalytic reduction of copper in a hydrogen current at 450°C can be used to obtain conducting lines. It has been established that in an open liquid layer lines of isolated small crystals of copper are formed, and in a layer of a closed volume lines of intergrown small crystals are formed due to the evaporation-convective intensification of the image. In the first case, the lines do not conduct electric current, and in the second one their specific resistance is 4·10³ times higher than in monolithic copper. __________ Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 80, No. 2, pp. 186–192, March–April, 2007.     

Quasi-optical multiplexer based on reflecting diffraction grating

The article presents results of theoretical and experimental investigation of quasioptical multiplexer based on reflecting diffraction grating. Diffraction losses caused by reflection into mirror harmonic, and by angle divergence of wave beams are calculated. In an experimental multiplexer, wave beams with the frequencies 70 GHz and 79 GHz were mixed with power losses less than 1%.     

Mechanical properties of microstructured high-purity silica fibers

We have studied the effect of drawing conditions and process environment on the mechanical strength of microstructured optical fibers. The results indicate that, even at reduced drawing temperatures, high-strength fibers with few “weak” points can be produced provided that the walls of the holes in the preform are sufficiently clean. The effects of air humidity and different liquids in the holes on the strength of microstructured fibers are shown to be similar to those for standard fibers.     

Multifrequency gyrotron with high-efficiency synthesized waveguide converter

The results of numerical simulation and experimental investigation of a prototype of a megawatt multifrequency gyrotron for controlled thermonuclear fusion facilities are presented. In experiments, the gyrotron has operated at six frequencies in the range 105–152 GHz with small diffraction losses in the internal quasi-optical system and a high Gaussian mode content in the output beam.