Universal Compression of Markov and Related Sources Over Arbitrary Alphabets

Recent work has considered encoding a string by separately conveying its symbols and its pattern-the order in which the symbols appear. It was shown that the patterns of independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) strings can be losslessly compressed with diminishing per-symbol redundancy. In this correspondence, the pattern redundancy of distributions with memory is considered. Close lower and upper bounds are established on the pattern redundancy of strings generated by Hidden Markov models (HMMs) with a small number of states, showing in particular that their per-symbol pattern redundancy diminishes with increasing string length. The upper bounds are obtained by analyzing the growth rate of the number of multidimensional integer partitions, and the lower bounds, using Hayman's theorem     

A Novel Heuristic Approach Based Trust Worthy Architecture for Wireless Sensor Networks

A Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of spatially distributed autonomous sensors to cooperatively monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants. WSNs are more vulnerable to attacks and failures due to the involvement of many numbers of tiny sensor nodes. As the technology is tremendously increasing in the recent past, the implementation of this for various time critical applications is quite interesting and challenging. Moreover, WSNs have no specific hierarchical structures, leads to security and maintenance problems. Trust in WSN is defined as the degree of belief or confidence about the nodes based on the past interactions and observations has which become a mandatory requirement for reliable communication in WSN under security constraints. In this paper, we propose a Heuristic Approach based Trust Worthy Architecture for WSN that considers the challenges of the system and focus on the collaborative mechanism for trust evaluation and maintenance. Our proposed Architecture could also be capable of fulfilling critical security, reliability, mobility and performance requirements for reliable communication while being readily adaptable to different applications. The simulation results of the proposed architecture outperformed the recent trust worthy architecture using the analysis of the performance requirements such as communication overhead, memory requirements and energy consumption.     

Heterogeneous production of Cl2 from particulate chloride: Effects of composition and relative humidity

Reactions initiated by chlorine atoms can enhance the formation of ozone (O₃) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in the troposphere. Environmental chamber experiments were conducted to quantify heterogeneous Cl₂ production from NH₄Cl and NaCl particles exposed to O₃ and hydroxyl radicals (?OH). Observations are inconsistent with models of Cl₂ production resulting solely from surface‐mediated reactions of ?OH and suggest that O₃ plays a significant role. The production of Cl₂ increased with relative humidity and decreased in the presence of SOA or nitric oxides (NO_x). Heterogeneous reactive uptake coefficients for the production of Cl₂ from O₃ on pure NH₄Cl ( ) averaged 1.4 ± 1.0 × 10^?3. Cl₂ production was six times more efficient on NH₄Cl aerosol than on NaCl aerosol. Model calculations under atmospheric conditions suggest this heterogeneous Cl₂ production could increase peak daily O₃ concentrations by over 10%. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 3151–3158, 2018     

Collaboration of Trusted Node and QoS Based Energy Multi Path Routing Protocol for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

In the recent past information transmission through the vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) playing a vital role due to increase in accident statistics. There are numerous networking and VANET protocols helpful to control the trust while transmitting the data from source to destination nodes in traffic environment. In spite of many existing protocols for analyzing the trust in the network, the challenge of routing overhead, high energy consumption and malicious attacks issues still continue in the communication. This research introduces the trust collaboration nodes and Quality of Service (QoS) with energy multipath routing protocol for transmitting the information through VANET. Initially, the trusted nodes have been collected for analyzing the neighbouring nodes and the information are transmitted using the proposed QoS based energy efficient multipath routing protocol. During this transmission, the multi path protocol eliminates the intermediate attacks effectively when compared with the other existing protocols. The Proposed protocol maintains the QoS while routing the information from source to destination and further the efficiency has been analyzed through simulation experiments and Montgomery multiplier based Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) will be used in future for better security and privacy.     

Design and simulation of a permanent-magnet electromagnetic aircraft launcher

This paper describes the basic design, refinement, and verification using finite-element analysis, and operational simulation using the Virtual Test Bed, of a linear machine for an electromagnetic aircraft launcher, for the aircraft carrier of the future. Choices of basic machine format and procedures for determining basic dimensions are presented. A detailed design for a permanent-magnet version is presented, and wound-field coil and induction machine versions are briefly discussed. The long armature-short field geometry is justified, and in particular the impact of this geometry on the scale of the power electronic drive system is examined.     

Power Aware Hessian Multi-set Canonical Correlations Based Algorithm for Wireless Eeg Sensor Networks

Wireless Personal Communications - The miniaturized Electroencephalography (EEG) modules monitors the EEG signals over a smaller area, however, thus modules suffer from poor spatial coverage. The...     

Analytical Termination of Malicious Nodes (ATOM): An Intrusion Detection System for Detecting Black Hole attack in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

The decentralized administration and the lack of an appropriate infrastructure causes the MANET prone to attacks. The attackers play on the vulnerable characteristics of the MANET and its underlying routing protocols such as AODV, DSR etc. to bring about a disruption in the data forwarding operation. Hence, the routing protocols need mechanisms to confront and tackle the attacks by the intruders. This research introduces the novel host-based intrusion detection system (HIDS) known as analytical termination of malicious nodes (ATOM) that systematically detects one of the most significant black hole attacks that affects the performance of AODV routing protocol. ATOM IDS performs detection by computing the RREP count (Route Reply) and the packet drop value for each individual node. This system has been simulated over the AODV routing protocol merged with the black hole nodes and the resultant simulation scenario in NS2 has been generated. The trace obtained shows a colossal increase in the packet delivery ratio (PDR) and throughput. The results prove the efficacy of the proposed system.