107-gb/s optical signal generation using electronic time-division multiplexing

This paper reports the first optical transmitter implementations operating at a serial bit rate of 107 Gb/s using solely electronic time-division multiplexing. Two methods to overcome modulator bandwidth limitations are proposed and demonstrated: low-bandwidth optical duobinary modulation and integrated optical equalization. Both transmitters are characterized in terms of bit error ratio and chromatic dispersion tolerance.     

Using LabVIEW for advanced nonlinear optoelectronic device simulations in high-speed optical communications

We present an advanced and comprehensive semiconductor optical amplifier model to analyze the propagation and amplification of 10 to, in principle, 1280 Gb/s ultra-short optical pulse sequences. Through appropriate transformation, the partial differential propagation-rate equation problem is numerically solved in a two-dimensional grid of fine resolution. The corresponding simulator, entirely programmed in the graphical language LabVIEW, is compared to an identical simulator implemented in the popular high-level text-based language Matlab. Special care has been taken to implement the same set of algorithms using equivalent codes for each language, such that a fair and objective one-to-one comparison can be carried out. In terms of computational time the LabVIEW simulator shows a tenfold outperformance, compared to its text-based identical counterpart implemented in Matlab, when typical bit sequences at 40 Gb/s with a length of 8 to 1024 bits are tested. The performance results presented here apply to a broader set of device modeling scenarios.     

Uni-directional time-domain bulk SOA Simulator considering carrier depletion by amplified spontaneous emission

A novel and comprehensive model for semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) to be used in high bit rate (10-160 Gb/s) optical communication systems is presented. Its uni-directional and time-domain character makes it very appropriate to be efficiently integrated in a high-level systems simulator, as is explained through a comprehensive comparison and classification of prominent SOA models/simulators. Despite its fast execution time, the corresponding SOA simulator accurately considers a manifold of ultra-fast nonlinear effects and dynamics and, for the first time within a uni-directional simulator, the impact of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) on the carrier dynamics. According to the numerical results here presented, the latter effect is fundamental in the simulation of SOAs longer than 0.5 mm.     

A 107-Gbit/s Optoelectronic Receiver Utilizing Hybrid Integration of a Photodetector and Electronic Demultiplexer

A novel 107-Gbit/s optoelectronic receiver has been designed using hybrid integration of a photodiode and electronic demultiplexer. Using an ETDM transmitter, we achieve the lowest reported required OSNR for 107-Gbit/s CSRZ-OOK, 21 dB for 10^-3 BER and a 2³¹-1pattern length. Design methodology and performance data are presented.     

High-speed electrical backplane transmission using duobinary signaling

High-speed electrical data transmission through low-cost backplanes is a particularly challenging problem. We present for the first time a very effective approach that uses the concept of duobinary signaling to accomplish this task. Using a finite-impulse-response filter, we are able to compensate for the phase and amplitude response of the backplane such that the resulting frequency response of the channel is that of an ideal duobinary filter. At the output of the backplane, we use an innovative pseudodigital circuit to convert the electrical duobinary to binary. For 10-Gb/s data transmission, we demonstrate a bit error rate <10/sup -13/ through electrical backplane traces up to 34 in in length on FR4. A full discussion of the concept, system architecture, and measured results are presented. Analysis is presented that compares and contrasts this approach to PAM-4 and standard nonreturn-to-zero signaling.     

Highly-scalable load-balanced router with optical switch fabric

A novel load-balanced optical packet router architecture is proposed and demonstrated. High scalability and reduced complexity are achieved by using optical switch fabrics, FPGA-based 10 Gbit/s packet processors and no centralised scheduler.     

4$,times,$25-Gb/s 40-km PHY at 1310 nm for 100 GbE Using SOA-Based Preamplifier

We present extensive numerical simulations of an optical link deploying four electroabsorption modulated lasers (EMLs) at 25 Gb/s over up to 40 km of standard single-mode fiber. The receiver comprises a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) as a preamplifier. We analyze the bit error ratio (BER) along different link lengths under varying conditions such as output power and extinction ratio of the EML transmitters, the noise figure of the SOA preamplifier and the bit and word alignment of the four wavelength channels. We demonstrate that the EML transmitters require a minimum extinction ratio of 8 to 10 dB and a minimum output power of +2 to +4 dBm in order to meet the BER requirements for 100 Gigabit Ethernet (100 GbE) using 4 times 25-Gb/s physical media dependent (PMD) devices. Furthermore, we show that single-channel performance analyses can be used to estimate the behavior for multichannel amplification in the SOA preamplifier.     

40-Gb/s OTDM to 4×10 Gb/s WDM conversion in monolithic InPMach-Zehnder interferometer module

Transformation of high bit-rate optical time-domain multiplexed (OTDM) signals into a multitude of lower bit-rate wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) channels is demonstrated by means of a single monolithically integrated indium phosphide Mach-Zehnder interferometer with semiconductor optical amplifiers in its arms. Full demultiplexing of 10-Gb/s OTDM signals into 4×10-Gb/s WDM channels is demonstrated. Bit-error-rate penalties are below 1.5 dB for polarization independent signal conversion throughout the 1.55-μm wavelength range