Ultrasound biomicroscopy in the diagnosis and management of anterior segment tumors

BACKGROUND: High-frequency ultrasound biomicroscopy has allowed eye care specialists to evaluate posterior extension of anterior segment tumors. This article evaluates the role of ultrasound biomicroscopy for the diagnosis and management of anterior segment tumors. METHODS: Fourteen patients with anterior segment tumors were selected for evaluation. Each patient underwent a complete clinical examination followed by slit-lamp photography and ultrasound biomicroscopy. RESULTS: Unlike standard ultrasonography of anterior segment tumors, high-frequency ultrasound biomicroscopy allowed quantitative measurements of tumor size, extension within and posterior to the iris, as well as differentiation of solid and cystic lesions. These characteristics were used to differentially diagnose anterior segment tumors and document the response of iridociliary body melanomas to radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates how ultrasound biomicroscopy has become an effective and necessary procedure, used for both the diagnosis and management of anterior segment tumors.     

Cold water detergency studies using radiolabeled soils

The effects of single and multiple washing and of resoiling-rewashing of cotton and synthetic fabrics have been studied in Tergotometer tests at various levels of temperature, detergent concentration and water hardness. The soiling mixture consisted of a seven component sebum tagged with tritium and carbon-14; in some tests gammaray emitting Kaolinite clay was also used. Linear primary alcohol ethoxylate (LAEO) and linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) were used for surfactant type comparisons. In single wash tests in both hot and cold water, LAEO was generally more effective than LAS in removing sebum. This was particularly noticeable at low product concentration where insufficient sodium tripolyphosphate was present to sequester the water hardness. A 1/1 blend of the two surfactants approached LAEO in performance. The nonpolar sebum fraction was more readily removed from Dacron or nylon in cold water; otherwise, detergency was generally better at high temperatures. In rewash tests, using labeled lube oil, cholesterol and clay, a progressive increase in soil removal was found during five wash cycles. The nonpolar lube oil component was the most difficult to remove from permanent press Dacron-cotton (PP), but was more readily removed from cotton. The more polar cholesterol and especially the clay were more easily removed from PP. LAEO gave better detergency both hot and cold than LAS, especially in hard water. On cotton swatches resoiled with sebum after each wash the residual sebum content was still increasing after five cycles. With PP in soft water, a steady state was reached after three to five cycles. Soil buildup was greater as hardness increased and as wash temperature and active matter concentration decreased, and was generally greater on cotton than on PP. LAEO allowed appreciably less soil buildup than did LAS especially at low concentration in hard water, indicating a reduced requirement for sodium tripolyphosphate. Presented before the AOCS Meeting, New Orleans, April 1970.     

Effect of molecular structure on polyethylene melt rheology. III. Effects of long-chain branching and of temperature on melt elasticity in shear

The effects of long-chain branching and of temperature on the melt elasticity in shear of polyethylene were investigated using die swell measurements and relating them to recoverable shear strain, normal stress, and shear modulus. Die swell measurements, as a function of shear rate, were obtained for high- and low-density polyethylenes at temperatures ranging from 130° to 225°C. The samples were characterized by GPC and intrinsic viscosity for molecular weight distributions and degrees of long-chain branching. The importance of annealing the extrudates at temperatures above the polymer melting temperature to achieve equilibrium, or strain-free, values of die swell was demonstrated. The effect of long-chain branch was to decrease elastic deformation. At constant shear stress, the melt elasticity of both high- and low-density polyethylene was found to be essentially independent of temperature. Thus, at constant shear rate, elastic deformation decreased with increasing temperature, and it was demonstrated that this decrease could be quantitatively defined in terms of previously determined shear rate–temperature viscosity superposition shift factors.     

Role of precipitation bath components in the manufacture of viscose fibres

Conclusions An analysis has been made of data on structure formation processes in spinning viscose fibres and of the connection of the primary structure with the properties of the finished fibres and yarns.It has been shown that the attainment of high physicomechanical and operational properties of viscose fibres is possible by preventing premature crystallization of the cellulose in the freshly-spun gel-fibre.Retardation of the cellulose crystallization process in spinning viscose fibres is advisably effected as a result of reducing the activity of water in the precipitation bath.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 1, pp. 8–13, January–February, 1986.     

Sources of vocalization latency differences between skilled and less skilled young readers.

Vocalization latencies of 16 skilled and 16 less skilled 3rd-grade readers were found to be a function of set size, number of syllables, and stimulus material. Differences between skilled and less skilled readers were absent for naming colors, digits, and pictures. Differences were found for words, and differences increased with number of syllables (and letters). While set-size effects were observed equally for skilled and less skilled Ss for colors and digits, only less skilled readers were substantially affected by set-size increases with words. Inefficiency in alphabetic verbal coding rather than use of information constraint or word retrieval seems to be the major source of reader differences in vocalization latencies. (18 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Electron spin resonance in thin film silicon after low temperature electron irradiation

Paramagnetic defects in amorphous and microcrystalline silicon (a-Si:H and μc-Si:H) with various structure compositions and doping levels were investigated by electron spin resonance (ESR). Samples were prepared by PECVD. The defect density was varied with 2 MeV electron bombardment at 100 K and stepwise annealing in the range of 80 K-433 K. In intrinsic material the spin density of the dominant ESR signal, presumably originating from dangling bonds (db), increases by up to 3 orders of magnitude after irradiation. In doped μc-Si:H material the pronounced conduction electron (CE) resonance disappears after irradiation and is replaced by the db resonance like in the irradiated intrinsic material. Generally the initial spin density and the line shape can be restored upon annealing at 433 K. Additional features at g-values of g ≈ 2.010 and g ≈ 2.000 in the ESR spectra are observed after irradiation together with the strongly enhanced Si db line at about g = 2.004-2.005. These features decrease rapidly on the first annealing steps and cannot be observed after the final annealing stage.     

Some features of mass-exchange processes in processing single complex viscose yarns

Conclusions Processes of mass-exchange in the inner and outer regions of single complex viscose yarns during their treatment have been examined.It has been shown that in complex yarns under tension, the rate of mass-exchange and of mass-transfer is reduced with increase in yarn tension and in the number of elementary filaments.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 2, pp. 46–48, March–April, 1985.     

Phase decomposition upon alteration of radiation-damaged monazite-(ce) from moss, Østfold, norway

The internal textures of crystals of moderately radiation-damaged monazite-(Ce) from Moss, Norway, indicate heavy, secondary chemical alteration. In fact, the cm-sized specimens are no longer mono-mineral monazite but rather a composite consisting of monazite-(Ce) and apatite pervaded by several generations of fractures filled with sulphides and a phase rich in Th, Y, and Si. This composite is virtually a 'pseudomorph' after primary euhedral monazite crystals whose faces are still well preserved. The chemical alteration has resulted in major reworking and decomposition of the primary crystals, with potentially uncontrolled elemental changes, including extensive release of Th from the primary monazite and local redeposition of radionuclides in fracture fillings. This seems to question the general alteration-resistance of orthophosphate phases in a low-temperature, 'wet' environment, and hence their suitability as potential host ceramics for the long-term immobilisation of radioactive waste.