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1.
Kemeny S.E. Torbey H.H. Meadows H.E. Bredthauer R.A. La Shell M.A. Fossum E.R. 《Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of》1992,27(3):398-405
Four image reorganization ICs that enable real-time difference encoding for hierarchical lossless image compression are reported. Two image reorganization processors are realized on the focal-plane and two are designed for hybridization to a separate imager IC. The two focal-plane ICs represent the first integration of a 256×256 buried-channel frame-transfer CCD image sensor with additional charge-domain circuitry to enable image reformatting at video rates (28 frames/s). The four ICs generate pyramidal pixel output in 3×3 blocks with the center pixel first. Pixel data reorganization is performed through simultaneous readout of three rows of data, followed by pixel resequencing and sampling to provide differential output. A novel architecture provides simultaneous readout of multiple imager rows on the focal-plane ICs. The ICs have achieved a charge-transfer efficiency (CTE) of 0.99996 in the conventional horizontal and vertical CCD registers, and a CTE of 0.99994 in the SP3 registers 相似文献
2.
Speed superiority of scaled double-gate CMOS 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Unloaded ring-oscillator simulations, performed with a generic process/physics-based compact model for double-gate (DG) MOSFETs and supplemented with model-predicted on-state currents and gate capacitances for varying supply voltages (VDD), are used to show and explain the speed superiority of extremely scaled DG CMOS over the single-gate (e.g., bulk-Si) counterpart. The DG superiority for unloaded circuits is most substantive for low VDD < ~1 V 相似文献
3.
John Nordal Kåre Fossum 《Zeitschrift für Lebensmitteluntersuchung und -Forschung A》1974,154(3):144-150
Summary The heat stability of the trypsin inhibitors commonly present in meat products has been investigated. This includes the naturally occurring inhibitors in meat of serum, and some of the soybean proteins usually added to minced meat and sausages. The stability of the inhibitors are investigated both alone, and when mixed with meat and other compounds.To test the inhibitory activity two methods were used. For quantitative measurement the Kunitz method was applied. For qualitative and semiquantitative investigation of inhibitory activity the casein precipitating method ofSandvik was adapted. The latter method is mote sensitive than the first mentioned.Of the animal sera investigated in the present work the inhibitors in horse serum revealed the highest thermostability. After heating for 5 min at 100° C, the trypsin inhibitory activity was 10% of the original, while the inhibitory activity in the other animal sera investigated was lost after exposure for 5 minutes at 80–85° C. The inhibitors in the various soybean proteins were far mote stable. The heat stability was shown to be pH-dependent.The inhibitory activity of the various soybean proteins was, however, destroyed when heating was carried out in the presence of meat or meat extract at 80–85° C for 2–5 min. Substances added to the minced meat, such as starch, casein, milkpowder or skimmed milk, and spices did not have this effect on the heat stability of the soybean inhibitors. It was further shown that the factor in meat responsible for decreasing the thermostability of the trypsin inhibitors in soybeans is heat labile, it was precipitated by ammonium sulphate and was a high molecular weight compound as shown by gel chromatography.The significance of this phenomenon is discussed and a possible explanation is put forward.
This work was supported by a grant from the Agricultural Research Council of Norway. 相似文献
Zusammenfassung Die Hitzestabilität der üblicherweise in Fleischprodukten vorhandenen Trypsininhibitoren wurde untersucht. Dies schließt die natürlichen Vorkommen von Inhibitoren in Fleisch oder Serum ein und einiger Sojaproteine, die üblicherweise Fleischbrat und Würsten zugesetzt werden. Die Stabilität der Inhibitoren wurde sowohl für rich als such mit Fleisch und anderen Verbindungen untersucht. Um die Hemmaktivität zu testen, wurden 2 Methoden angewendet; für quantitative Messungen die Kunitz-Methode, für qualitative und halbquantitative Untersuchungen die Casein precipitierende Sandvik-Methode, wobei die letztere Methode empfindlicher ist als die erste. Von den untersuchten tierischen Seren besaß der Inhibitor im Pferdeserum die höchste Thermostabilität. Nach 5 min Erhitzung auf 100° C war die trypsininhibitorische Wirkung nur noch 10% der ursprünglichen, wahrend die der anderen tierischen Seren nach 5 min bei 80–85° C vernichtet wurde. Die Inhibitoren der verschiedenen Sojabohnenproteine waren weit stabiler. Die Hitzestabilität ist pH-abhängig. Die inhibitorische Aktivität der verschiedenen Sojabohnenproteine wurde jedoch zerstört, wenn die Erhitzung in Gegenwart von Fleisch oder Fleischprodukten bei 80–85° C für 2–5 min ausgeführt wurde. Zu Fleischbrät zugesetzte Substanzen wie Stärke, Casein, Milch- oder Magermilchpulver und Gewürze haben keinen EinfluB auf die Hitzestabilität des Sojabohneninhibitors. Es wurde weiter gezeigt, daß der Faktor, der in Fleisch für die Abnahme der Thermostabilität des Trypsininhibitors in Sojabohnen verantwortlich ist, hitzelabil ist; er wurde durch Ammoniumsulfat ausgefällt und wies ein hohes Molekulargewicht, belegt durch Gelchromatographie, auf. Die Signifikanz dieser Phenomene wird diskutiert und eine mögliche Erklärung dafür gegeben.
This work was supported by a grant from the Agricultural Research Council of Norway. 相似文献
4.
5.
Degrading effects on BJT speed performance due to current-induced perturbation of the collector-base junction space-charge region (SCR) prior to base pushout are analyzed and assessed. Inverse base-width modulation (IBWM)-a widening of the quasi-neutral base width-and collector SCR-width widening (SCRW) in highly scaled BJT's and HBT's are identified as important mechanisms governing device speed degradation at high currents. IBWM, which increases the base transit time, is described analytically to distinguish it from base pushout, or quasi-saturation. MMSPICE simulations of an aggressive SiGe-base HBT technology, supported by measured data, show that the speed (fT) degradation associated with IBWM is significant at currents well below the onset of base pushout, which underlies the speed degradation of lesser scaled BJT's. Simulations of further scaled devices show that SCRW can be the predominant mechanism of speed degradation at high current densities 相似文献
6.
Weimin Zhang Fossum J.G. Mathew L. Yang Du 《Electron Devices, IEEE Transactions on》2005,52(10):2198-2206
Important physical insights regarding the design and performance of independent-gate FinFETs, e.g., the MIGFET , are gained from measured data and predictions from our process/physics-based double-gate (DG) MOSFET model (UFDG) in Spice3. Inversion charge-centroid shifting, modulated by gate biases as well as by quantum-confinement and short-channel effects, underlies the sensitivity of the MIGFET (front-gate) threshold voltage to the back-gate bias. MIGFET design and operation-mode options are examined for optimizing circuit applications. Further, novel design of a single-device RF mixer and a double-balanced counterpart using MIGFETs is studied with UFDG/Spice3. Reasonably good MIGFET mixers, with regard to conversion gain and linearity with small-size/low-voltage/low-power requirements, can be achieved with optimal biases on the two gates and good design of the MIGFET structure. 相似文献
7.
A simulation-based analysis of extremely scaled double-gate (DG) CMOS, emphasizing the effects of gate-induced drain leakage (GIDL) in DG MOSFETs, is described. Device and ring-oscillator simulations project an enormous performance potential for DG/CMOS, but also show how and why GIDL can be much more detrimental to off-state current in DG devices than in the single-gate counterparts. However, for asymmetrical (n+ and p+ polysilicon) gates, the analysis further shows that the GIDL effect can be controlled by tailoring the back (p+ -gate) oxide thickness, which implies design optimization regarding speed as well as static power in DG/CMOS circuits 相似文献
8.
Physics-based compact modeling, supported by numerical simulations, is used to show the significance of "drain-induced charge enhancement" (DICE) in nanoscale double-gate (DG) MOSFETs. DICE, which is the strong-inversion counterpart of drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL), is shown to significantly benefit drive current, without affecting the gate capacitance much, and hence can improve nanoscale DG CMOS speed substantially. 相似文献
9.
A simple model relating the hot-electron-controlled device lifetime of floating-body SOI MOSFETs to the body voltage is discussed. The model is derived from the familiar relationship between the device lifetime and the substrate current of bulk MOSFETs, a relationship that cannot be measured directly in floating-body MOSFETs. The model, which allows quick estimation of the device lifetime from body-voltage measurements, is supported by measurements of hot-electron-induced degradation of floating-body SOI MOSFETs fabricated using SIMOX substrates 相似文献
10.
CMOS image sensors: electronic camera-on-a-chip 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
CMOS active pixel sensors (APS) have performance competitive with charge-coupled device (CCD) technology, and offer advantages in on-chip functionality, system power reduction, cost, and miniaturization. This paper discusses the requirements for CMOS image sensors and their historical development, CMOS devices and circuits for pixels, analog signal chain, and on-chip analog-to-digital conversion are reviewed and discussed 相似文献