Design and application considerations for motors in steep-frontedsurge environments

A large body of research has been conducted in the past 15 years into steep-fronted surges in electrical systems and their propagation in AC machine windings. This paper reviews the nature of the surge, the factors that determine its amplitude and rise time, and how it affects the motor winding. It then explains how its harmful effects can be controlled by system and winding design and by effective quality control. Related national and international standards are discussed and their shortcomings pointed out. Uncertainties in the prediction of amplitude and rise time of surges are explained, and guidance for cost effective specification of motors for application in a surge environment is given     

Inflammatory Process and Molecular Targets for Antiinflammatory Nutraceuticals

Intense interest in nutraceuticals and their potential benefits has created the need to review the existing scientific information on their effect in preventing and managing inflammation that accompanies most chronic diseases. This article reviews the basic mechanisms of inflammation and the potential of 9 nutraceuticals to be effective as chronic disease preventive agents. Furthermore, the article emphasizes studies in which nutraceuticals are shown to be effective in preventing inflammation and mentions other molecular targets that can be of use in the future. The effects of the following nutraceuticals: α‐tocopherol, ascorbic acid, curcumin, resveratrol, (‐)‐epigallocatechin gallate, theaflavin, genistein, omega‐3 fatty acids, and lycopene on reactive oxygen species scavenging ability, as well as proinflammatory targets, such as tumor necrosis factor α interleukin‐1, interleukin‐1β, nuclear factor kappa B, cellular and adhesion molecules, cyclooxygenase‐2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, 5‐lipoxygenase (5‐LOX), phospholipase A₂, reactive oxygen species generating enzymes are discussed.     

Food bioactives, apoptosis, and cancer

Apoptosis interchangeably referred to as programmed cell death is a key pathway for regulating homeostasis and morphogenesis of mammalian cells and is connected with several diseases, in particular, cancer. It is widely believed that misregulation of this pathway leads to the development of cancer. Reflecting this knowledge, the mechanism of action for many currently used anticancer agents were specifically targeted to regulate the apoptotic pathway further stressing the role of programmed cell death in maintaining normal homeostasis. Another widely accepted concept is the consumption of a variety of colorful foods with strong antioxidant properties. These dietary components also referred to as bioactives would help maintain a healthy body. Although for many of these bioactives exact nutritional benefits are not yet well defined, there is demonstrated scientific evidence suggesting a role for them in cancer prevention. This review summarizes the current knowledge of food bioactives that act through the signaling pathway inducing programmed cell death, thus providing the evidence for these substances in cancer prevention.     

Catalytic-free growth of VACNTs for energy harvesting

Abstract

The present study introduces a process to grow micro-honeycomb (µ-HC) vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) using thermal chemical vapor deposition technique. Methane is used as a source of carbon and hydrogen gas as a reducing agent. Where, the fabricated µ-HC structure reported in literature involves complex synthesis process and requires a catalyst layer, the novelty of the process used here lies in the fact that no catalyst layer is used for the growth of CNT network, rather copper foil is used as a substrate. The in-situ cracking of CNTs due to water treatment leads to the formation of µ-HC CNT network, which is confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. Further scanning electron microscopy analysis shows that the length of developed µ-HC CNT is ～5?µm. Hexagonal µ-HC network shows more than 94% absorption in UV-Vis-NIR wavelength region. The designed process provides high-yield with a low-cost synthesis of vertically aligned CNTs having 3?D microarchitecture. The fabricated CNT network can be used as an electrode for supercapacitor, as an active layer in a photovoltaic cell and most of the energy harvesting devices.     

Inhibitory effects of black tea theaflavin derivatives on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced inflammation and arachidonic acid metabolism in mouse ears

Tea has been shown to possess several health beneficial properties primarily due to its polyphenolic content. The major polyphenolic compounds in black tea leaves are theaflavins (TFs) formed by oxidative coupling of catechins in tea leaves during its processing. In this paper, we report the characterization of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced mouse ear inflammatory model and the inhibitory effects of major black tea TFs derivatives on this inflammation. In addition, the effect on inflammatory biomarkers, such as proinflammatory cytokines and arachidonic acid metabolites, are reported as well. A single topical application of TPA to ears of CD-1 mice induced a time- and dose-dependent increase in edema as well as formation of proinflammatory cytokine proteins interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in mouse ears. A single topical application of equimolar of black tea constituents (TF, theaflavin-3-gallate, theaflavin-3'-gallate, and theaflavin-3,3'-digallate) strongly inhibited TPA-induced edema of mouse ears. Application of TFs mixture to mouse ears 20 min prior to each TPA application once a day for 4 days inhibited TPA-induced persistent inflammation, as well as TPA-induced increase in IL-1beta and IL-6 protein levels. TFs also inhibited arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism via both cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase pathways. This observation was substantiated by decreased amounts of AA metabolites prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) levels. Combined application of TF and sulindac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug resulted a significant synergetic anti-inflammatory effect. Oral administration of TFs or the hot water extract of black tea leaves also significantly inhibited TPA-induced edema in mouse ears. In conclusion, proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1beta and IL-6, as well as the intermediated metabolites of AA, PGE2, and LTB4 are good biomarkers for inflammation. Black tea constituents, TF and its derivatives, had strongly anti-inflammatory activity in vivo which may be due to their ability to inhibit AA metabolism via lipoxygenase and COX pathways.     

Composition dependence of viscosity of some binary solutions

Viscosities of eleven binary liquid systems, mostly regular solutions, have been measured over the entire composition ranges at 25°C. Most of the systems had not been investigated before. The procedure, the precautions observed for the measurement of viscosity, and the calibration of the viscometers have been discussed. Of the many empirical and semi-empirical equations tested for their validity the McAllister equation has been found to fit best the experimental data for all the solutions. Non-ideality of a solution, as expressed in terms of excess activation energy for viscous flow or in terms of excess molal volume, has also been briefly discussed.     

Finite element analysis of orifice-compensated hydrostatic journal bearings

The steady state performence of an orifice compensated hydrostatic journal bearing is analyzed by the finite element method. Performance data have been computed. for a four-pocket bearing, with various design parameters and eccentricity ratios. It is found that load capacity varies significantly with changes in these parameters.     

Comparison of international and NEMA standards for salient polesynchronous machines

The Electrical Machinery Committee (EMC) of the Power Engineering Society (PES) of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) has established a task force charged with the review and comparison of US Standards with international standards with a view to harmonizing these standards. This paper is in response to an assignment from that Task Force. It compares IEC 34 series of standards with National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) standards for salient pole synchronous machines for nonhydro applications     

食品包装机械制造企业信息化建设存在问题及对策

随着食品包装机械制造企业的快速发展,原有的管理方式已不能满足企业的需求,企业信息化建设将具有关键作用。本文从主客观方面分析了食品包装机械制造企业在进行企业信息化建设中存在的问题着手,提出其实施对策,以期对本行业企业信息化建设提供指导。