Extruded linseed and rapeseed both influenced fatty acid composition of total lipids and their polar and neutral fractions in longissimus thoracis and semitendinosus muscles of finishing Normand cows

The effects of extruded linseed and rapeseed on lipids and FA composition of total, polar and neutral lipids of longissimus thoracis (LT) and semitendinosus (ST) muscles were investigated in 21 Normand cull cows. Animals were assigned in a 100d finishing period to straw (30%) and concentrate (70%) based (C) or the same diet supplemented with linseed (L) or with rapeseed (66%) plus linseed (33%) (RL). Beef polar and neutral lipids were purified by liquid chromatography and their FA analysed by GLC. Trans and cis 18:1, purified by HPLC from total FA methyl esters, were analysed by GLC–MS. L and LR diets did not increase beef lipid deposition, but had modified FA composition of both LT and ST muscles in favouring deposition of 18:3n-3 and 9cis,11tr 18:2 (CLA), mainly to the detriment of 18:1?9 cis (neutral lipids) and 18:2n-6 (polar lipids). However, they did not favour deposition of LC n-3 PUFA in the two muscles, but had increased deposition of trans 18:1 significantly, especially of ?13tr to ?16tr isoforms to the detriment of ?10tr 18:1 (L diet) and of ?11tr 18:1 (RL diet).     

Citalopram elicits a discriminative stimulus in rats at a dose selectively increasing extracellular levels of serotonin vs. dopamine and noradrenaline

Citalopram (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) increased (+145-+180%) extracellular levels of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) in the frontal cortex, nucleus accumbens and striatum of freely-moving rats, whereas dopamine and noradrenaline were unaffected. At this dose, employing a two-lever, food-reinforced, drug discrimination procedure, citalopram generated reliable recognition and fully (> 80%) generalized to itself with an Effective Dose50 (ED50) of 0.1 mg/kg, s.c. Two further selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitors, sertraline and paroxetine, fully generalized with ED50s of 0.01 and 0.04 mg/kg, s.c., respectively. In contrast, the anxiolytic, diazepam (0.63), and the antipsychotic, clozapine (2.5), did not (< or = 20%) generalize. In conclusion, the selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor, citalopram, elicits a pharmacologically-specific discriminative stimulus in rats at a dose selectively elevating extracellular concentrations of 5-HT.     

Immunolocalisation of the glutathione S-transferases, GST-26 and GST-28, within adult Schistosoma japonicum

This paper describes the first ultrastructural immunolocalisation study of the 26-kDa and 28-kDa glutathione S-transferases within adult Schistosoma japonicum (GST-26 and GST-28). Polyclonal antibodies raised against GST-28 (in mice) and against GST-26 (in rabbits) were used to examine the distribution of the proteins within adult parasites. Both proteins were localised within the parenchymal region of the male parasite. Additionally, both proteins were present within parenchymal cells located between the vitelline glands of female parasites. There were no detectable levels of GST-26 or GST-28 on the surface or within the tegument matrix of either the male or female worms. Possible functions for GST-26 and GST-28 within S. japonicum and their significance as vaccine target molecules are addressed.     

Ultrastructural analysis of the adult Schistosoma japonicum by lectin cytochemistry

Eight lectin probes were used to detect a range of carbohydrate residues in the tegument matrix of Schistosoma japonicum. In addition, other areas of the parasite, such as the gut, vitelline glands and flame cells, were examined for carbohydrate residues. Some minor differences in the carbohydrate residue composition between tegument orientations and between the sexes were identified. Differences between the distribution of carbohydrate residues of S. japonicum examined in this study and previous reports of Schistosoma mansoni were also noted. This study further illustrates the high level of complexity within the tegument of the adult S. japonicum and has demonstrated differences between this species and the widely studied S. mansoni.     

Test Results for Energy Savings

This article deals with the impact of different lubrication oils on electric motor energy consumption. Lubrication, and the analysis thereof is becoming a major field in the reliability world. All the samples of oil taken from the bearings machines, finds signs of existing or soon-to-come bearing damage and plan accordingly to reduce harmful downtime. Testing was conducted with the test motor on a motor test standard with seven ISO grade 68 lubrication oils over a two-day period.     

Improved ultrastructure of the desmosome-intermediate filament complex in MCF-7 breast cancer cells

We report on the application of variations to the traditional TEM processing methods, which provide improved clarity of the desmosome-cytoskeleton complex of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. A more comprehensive understanding of the ultrastructure is presented, which in the past has been demonstrated in diagrammatic form based on numerous electron micrographs. Ultrastructural analysis shows that intermediate filament bundles do not terminate at the desmosome structure, but instead are continuous into the cytoplasm. Furthermore only a minor proportion of individual filaments are in actual contact with the desmosome plaque. Intermediate filaments were also observed throughout the cytoplasm and to the surface of the nuclear membrane. Extraction protocols allowed clear identification of other cellular features such as nuclear pores, which are approximately 80-85 nm in diameter, and were best viewed in sections cut tangentially to the nuclear surface.     

Polarographic study of isosorbide dinitrate in aqueous medium in presence of surfactants

Study of isosorbide dinitrate by means of several polarographic techniques is undertaken in order to determine the electron transfer step and to outline the performance sensitivity of differential pulse polarography for analytical purposes. The wave of isosorbate with dc technique, is shown to be the result of two overlapping waves corresponding to the two nitrate groups. Influence of pH reveals that from pH = 2 to pH = 13 the wave is unchanged, but for pH less than 2 it is shifted towards more cathodic potentials and a wave due to nitrite ions appears near ?0.9 V/sce, but does not affect the first wave. Surfactant effects are also reviewed with three neutral, (gelatin, pluronic, Brij-35) a cationic (CTABr) and an anionic (SDS)_, surfactants in order to show the progressive influence on polarographic waves. The most influential of them is the anionic one and D.P.P. is the best method for isosorbide determination in this case.     

Adaptive beam weighting

The optimum adaptive steering of multibeam antennas is discussed, where a single beam is scanned or shaped by weighting and summing the antenna outputs. Classical principles and implementations are valid here. The most effective antenna system involves a set of orthogonal beams by means of which gain maximization, pattern synthesis, beam scanning, besides pattern null steering can be realized. A large weight dynamic range may be required for low sidelobe synthesis. A number of antennas fitting the desired type is cited. The feasibility of real weight instead of complex weight control is illustrated by means of a linear array fed by a Butler matrix.