Effect of air gap on cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna operating in TM/sub 01/ mode

The results of a numerical study on the effect of an air gap on the input impedance and resonance frequency of a cylindrical dielectric resonator (CDR) antenna operating in the TM/sub 01/ mode as a function of dielectric constant are presented. The CDR resides on a conducting ground plane and is excited by a coaxial probe through the bottom of the ground plane. Some of the numerical results are validated experimentally.<>     

Tropfenseparation aus der Gasphase in kleinskaligen Ringkammerzentrifugen

Here, the laminar fluid flow in small‐scale ring chamber centrifuges is investigated to describe the separation behavior of oil aerosols by means of models and laws of similitude. The key objective is the determination of the separation efficiency dependent on the centrifugal geometry, the material properties of the continuous and disperse phases as well as operational parameters such as angular velocity and volume flow. Experimental investigations were conducted to assess the range of validity, the usability and the accuracy of the models.     

Interphase cytogenetic diagnosis of bladder cancer on cells from urine and bladder washing

In order to determine the value of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in the diagnosis and follow-up of bladder cancer interphase cytogenetics was performed on cells from urine and bladder washings. 50 ml of urine or bladder washings were collected. FISH was carried out using centromere probes for chromosomes 7, 8, 9 and 12 according to standard protocols. In each case 100 cell nuclei were analysed. Fifty-four samples from urine and 67 samples from bladder washing were analysed by FISH in comparison with results obtained by conventional cytology. Sensitivity of detection of tumor cells by FISH was 68.5% in urine and 63% in bladder washings regardless of tumor stage and grade. Sensitivity obtained by conventional cytology was 50% in urine and 77.3% in bladder washings. FISH on cells from urine samples is an effective complement to the standard urine cytology. Using centromere probes this approach is characterized by high specificity and sensitivity in tumors with T-category higher than pTa and grade higher than G1.     

Accurate impedance model for antiresonant monopoles on finiteground planes

A simple and accurate procedure based upon reaction theory is presented for computing the input impedance of a monopole antenna backed by a finite ground plane. This procedure is used to finally verify theoretically some of the controversial antiresonant measured input impedances presented by Meier and Summers in their classic 1949 work     

A detailed protocol for the measurement of TGF-beta1 in human blood samples

Bisphosphonates are compounds derived from pyrophosphate, a byproduct of cellular cleavage of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and are resistant to alkaline phosphatase by virtue of replacement of oxygen by carbon. The high affinity of the P-C-P structure for hydroxyapatite accounts for deposition in bone. Modification of the two side chains of carbon alters the potency of the drugs. Of those that have either completed or are undergoing clinical trials, the order of increasing potency for inhibition of bone resorption is etidronate, clodronate, tiludronate, pamidronate, alendronate, residronate and ibandronate (potency range: 1 to 10,000). Less than 5% of bisphosphonates are absorbed and the half life is a few hours. The drugs must be given on an empty stomach because food and beverages interfere with gastrointestinal absorption. Of the absorbed fraction, as much as 60% is taken up by the skeleton and the remainder is excreted unchanged in the urine. Etidronate, tiludronate, residronate, and alendronate are given orally, clodronate intravenously, and pamidronate and ibandronate by either route. At lower concentrations, bisphosphonates inhibit osteoclatic bone resorption, whereas at higher concentrations they may inhibit mineralization and cause osteomalacia. Inhibition of mineralization diminishes with increasing potency. In postmenopausal women, etidronate and alendronate for 3 yr were shown to inhibit bone resorption, increase bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine and hip, and prevent fractures without producing osteomalacia. Bone formation also is reduced as a consequence of diminished bone resorption but reduction is less than the reduction of bone resorption. In higher doses bisphosphonates may cause upper gastrointestinal disturbances but in recommended doses they generally are well tolerated and have an excellent safety profile.