Recovery of water-soluble solvents from oilseeds

Water-soluble solvents such as ethanol and isopropanol are recovered from oilseeds in equipment similar to that used for recovering hexane, but the bases for design are considerably different. Present and future commercial processes employing aqueous solvents are described, and desolventizing extracted particulates from them examined, particularly as they are affected by the concentration of alcohol in the solvent.     

Design of oilseed extractors. I. Oil extraction

A calculation method is presented that predicts, from laboratory data, retention time and miscella concentrations in commercial oil extractors. The method is based on the finding that rate of solution of oil largely determines retention time, and that resistance to diffusion of oil at the boundaries of the flakes is relatively small.     

Design of oilseed extractors I. Oil extraction (supplement)

This supplements an earlier article (1) which presented a method of calculating retention time required for countercurrent extraction of oilseeds from laboratory extraction rate data. The method is based on the empirical observation that extraction rate is governed largely by the rate at which undissolved oil goes into solution, resistance to diffusion from the flakes becoming of consequence only in thick flakes. This article introduces the concepts of parabolic concentration gradient in the flakes and of an apparent diffusivity which is an inherent property of the seed. The method is applied to the solution of several commercially important extractions.     

Speeding DSP algorithm design

The boom in the use of systems based on digital signal processing (DSP) is rivalled only by the swiftness with which their technology changes. No sooner do engineers master the latest development than a still newer one emerges. It's the same with design tools; it never seems quite possible for the users to catch up. Designing DSP based systems, therefore, remains a challenging and multidisciplinary task. More often than not, unfortunately, there is a gap between the algorithm development and implementation phases of a DSP design project. Therefore, DSP engineers are turning in droves toward a methodology that integrates the design of DSP algorithms with the later stages of development and implementation. Called “accelerated DSP design” (ADD), the methodology makes use of high level algorithm simulation and rapid prototyping (on off the shelf DSP boards)-both offline and in real time environments-to achieve its goals. The tools it uses allow early validation of algorithms and evaluation of tradeoffs, increasing the designer's confidence that a particular design will meet its requirements     

Recovering water-immiscible solvents from oilseeds

Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society - Processes used in desolventizing are reviewed. Anomalous high residuals in desolventized, deodorized and toasted flakes can be accounted for by...     

Survival and complications of radiotherapy following involved and extended field therapy of Hodgkin's disease, stages I and II. A collaborative study

A collaborative trial with random assignment to involved field or extended field radiotherapy for localized Hodgkin's disease was begun in 1967. Case accession was completed in 1973, with 224 eligible patients assigned to involved field and 243 to extended field. With a median follow-up time of 27 months no significant survival difference is found between involved and extended field regimens for the total patient group or for most subgroups defined by age, sex, histology, stage, class, and use of laparotomy for staging. A single exception is an improved survival in the involved field group for female patients. Survival free of distant extension shows a similar lack of treatment effect, but survival free of any extension, local or distant, shows a significant benefit from extended field treatment. Complications of radiotherapy are significantly increased following extended field treatment. Survival following local extension is similar to survival following periods free of any extension.     

Design of oilseed extractors. II. Multicomponent extraction

Extraction of carbohydrates from white flakes with aqueous ethanol is used to illustrate some generalizations about extraction of any multicomponent solute. Since commercial design must be based on a laboratory simulation, a preferred simulation is presented.