A longitudinal study of rumination and distraction in formerly depressed inpatients and community controls.

The response styles theory (S. Nolen-Hoeksema, B. E. Wisco, & S. Lyubomirsky, 2008) supposes that ruminative coping is a cognitive risk factor for the course of depression, whereas distractive coping has protective effects. The authors present a longitudinal study on reciprocal relations between coping styles and depressive symptoms. They investigated 82 formerly depressed inpatients 4 weeks, 6 months, and 3.5 years after hospital discharge together with 76 age- and gender-matched community controls. Depressive symptoms predicted future symptom-focused rumination over the initial short-term interval in both samples. In former inpatients, this predictive effect was also significant over the subsequent long-term interval. Symptom-focused rumination and distraction were significant predictors of future depressive symptoms across both intervals, with sample-specific effects. In the community sample, symptom-focused rumination predicted more depressive symptoms, whereas in former inpatients, distractive coping predicted fewer depressive symptoms over time. The authors conclude that interventions aimed at reducing rumination should preferably be applied in preventive and early intervention settings, although in individuals with a history of more severe and long-standing depression rumination might gradually lose its capacity to predict the further illness course. In these persons, interventions should particularly strengthen distractive coping. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Forward-link capacity in smart antenna base stations with dynamicslot allocation

We consider a base station, which communicates to a set of portable stations using a smart antenna operating in multibeam, packet-switched, space division multiple access (SDMA) mode. We assume that the system operates using time division duplexing (TDD) and focus on the problem of access to the stations by the base station in the forward-link direction. A polling protocol is used which permits efficient access in this type of system. The operation of the protocol is unique in that it permits dynamic slot allocation and accommodates variations in channel time coherence. In the protocol, dynamic slot assignment is integrated into the forward-link beam scheduling. This allows us to explore the value of dynamic station slot assignment when constructing the SDMA/TDMA frames. The results show the improvements in capacity, which are possible in such systems and give insight into the degradation in protocol performance that occurs when channel coherence times decrease. We find that very large improvements in capacity are possible using dynamic slot allocation, especially under harsh channel conditions. We also investigate various base station queueing issues in this type of system. It is shown that care must be taken in how buffering is performed so that blocking effects do not unnecessarily degrade the forward-link capacity     

2,3-Dimethylpentane and 2-Methylhexane as a Test Mixture for Evaluating Highly Efficient Fractionating Columns

A test mixture consisting of 2,3-dimethylpentane and 2-methylhexane was prepared and its relative volatility determined by a fractional distillation method. This test mixture was compared, experimentally and theoretically, with another test mixture commonly used for evaluating highly efficient fractionating columns.     

德国污泥处置发展情况和相关政策法规简介

主要介绍了德国污泥产量稳中有降的发展趋势;探讨了德国污泥处理处置技术及其发展方向,分析认为未来德国污泥处置主要以物质和能源利用为主。并总结了各种污泥处置方式相应的政策法规。列举了污泥中有害物质和重金属含量的临界值规定。为我国污泥处理处置工艺及相关法规政策的制定提供借鉴和参考。     

加长型带式压滤机的应用技术

1工艺原理 1．1传统带式浓缩脱水一体机 市政污水厂排放的剩余污泥含水率一般很高（〉99％），需要采用浓缩池或浓缩机将含水率减小到97％以下，才可以用带式压滤机进行脱水处理。由于采用浓缩池进行浓缩时污泥中的氮、磷极易回溶到污水中，因此更倾向于采用机械设备如带式浓缩机。     

High-resolution broadband N2 coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy: comparison of measurements for conventional and modeless broadband dye lasers

We have performed high-resolution N2 coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) measurements using a modeless dye laser (MDL) as the Stokes beam source to determine the effects of a reduction in mode noise on the accuracy and precision of the method. These results are compared with previous research that employed a conventional broadband dye laser (CBDL) as the Stokes beam source. A new spectral-fitting procedure was developed to avoid starting-point bias in the least-squares fitting results, which possibly had altered the previous measurements. Single-shot measurements of pressure were performed in a static-pressure vessel over the range of 0.1-4.0 atm to examine the pressure sensitivity of the technique. The precision of these measurements is a measure of the baseline noise level of the system, which sets the detection limit for flow-field pressure fluctuations. Centerline measurements of pressure and temperature in an underexpanded jet (Mj = 1.85) were also used to determine the performance of the technique in a compressible flow field. Our study represents the first known application, to our knowledge, of a MDL CARS system in a low-temperature, low-pressure supersonic environment. Improvements in accuracy for mean single-shot measurements and increased precision were found for pressure vessel conditions above 1.0 atm. For subatmospheric pressure vessel conditions (0.1-1.0 atm) and the underexpanded jet measurements, there was a decrease in accuracy and precision compared with the CBDL results. A comparison with the CBDL study is included, along with a discussion of the MDL system behavior.     

Velocity measurements in the free convection flow above a heated horizontal cylinder

The fluid dynamics of the free convection water flow above a heated horizontal cylinder were investigated using particle image velocimetry. Velocity measurements were obtained in three orthogonal planes, with each plane acquired independently in time. The experiment was performed for a Rayleigh number of 1.33 × 10⁶ and for water heights above the cylinder surface of H/D = 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12. The top water surface was open to room air, and the height of the free surface introduced different effects of vertical confinement. For all water heights studied, the plume above the cylinder and its interaction with the free surface were observed. For water heights of H/D = 4 and 6, the appearance of a swaying motion was captured in the plane perpendicular to the cylinder axis, and a meandering motion was detected in the other two orthogonal planes. A vortex was observed to form alongside of the plume and rise to the free surface, where it detached from the plume structure and moved along the free surface. Vortex dynamics and the physical characteristics of the swaying and meandering motions appeared to be interdependent, providing a possible relation between vortex formation, swaying, and meandering. Comparisons with previous analytical and experimental results highlight the complicated three-dimensional flow structure that governs heat transfer from the cylinder.