RFID im Blickpunkt wirtschaftlicher Überlegungen

Diese Recherche zeigt, dass sich die Bedeutung, die dem Thema RFID in den Medien und der ?ffentlichen Diskussion derzeit beigemessen wird, auch in der Anzahl der im Internet zu findenden Seiten niederschl?gt. Dabei bewegt sich die Qualit?t der betrachteten Angebote überwiegend auf einem hohen Niveau, was vor allem auf Seiten der kommerziellen Anbieter nicht weiter verwundert, da es sich bei RFID doch um einen zunehmend st?rker umk?mpften Markt handelt, auf dem es hei?t, potenzielle Kunden für sich zu akquirieren. Es darf mit Spannung erwartet werden, wie sich das Informationsangebot wandelt, wenn tats?chlich das prognostizierte exponentielle Wachstum des RFID-Marktes eintritt.     

MQW wavelength-tunable DBR lasers with monolithically integrated external cavity electroabsorption modulators with low-driving voltages fabricated by selective-area MOCVD

The design and operation of multiple-quantum-well (MQW) wavelength-tunable distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) InGaAs QW lasers with nonabsorbing gratings and monolithically integrated external cavity electroabsorption modulators fabricated by selective-area MOCVD are presented. Uncoated devices exhibit CW threshold currents as low as 10.5 mA with slope efficiencies of 0.21 W/A from the laser facet. Wavelength tuning of 7 nm is obtained by injection current heating of the DBR section. These devices also exhibit extinction ratios of 18 dB from the modulator facet at a low modulator bias of 1 V, when measured with a broad-area detector. When coupled to a singlemode fiber, these devices exhibited high extinction ratios of 40 dB at a modulator bias of 1.25 V.     

Collapse of Suspended Portland Cement Plaster Stucco Soffit

The collapse of a suspended soffit consisting of portland cement plaster stucco on metal lath was investigated to determine the probable cause of collapse after over 30 years of service. Soffits of this type are often constructed with minimal, if any, details provided by the project architect or engineer. Without design guidance, the builder usually relies on typical industry practices and prior experience to construct these soffits. While experience may result in a safe installation in many instances, long-term performance without distress is no guarantee that no defects exist.     

Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Response in a Preclinical Alcohol Model of Acute-on-Chronic Liver Injury

Background and Aims: Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 has recently been shown to play a potential role in bile acid metabolism. We aimed to investigate the FGF21 response in an ethanol-induced acute-on-chronic liver injury (ACLI) model in Abcb4^−/− mice with deficiency of the hepatobiliary phospholipid transporter. Methods: Total RNA was extracted from wild-type (WT, C57BL/6J) and Abcb4⁻/⁻ (KO) mice, which were either fed a control diet (WT-Cont and KO-Cont groups; n = 28/group) or ethanol diet, followed by an acute ethanol binge (WT-EtOH and KO-EtOH groups; n = 28/group). A total of 58 human subjects were recruited into the study, including patients with alcohol-associated liver disease (AALD; n = 31) and healthy controls (n = 27). The hepatic and ileal expressions of genes involved in bile acid metabolism, plasma FGF levels, and bile acid and its precursors 7α- and 27-hydroxycholesterol (7α- and 27-OHC) concentrations were determined. Primary mouse hepatocytes were isolated for cell culture experiments. Results: Alcohol feeding significantly induced plasma FGF21 and decreased hepatic Cyp7a1 levels. Hepatic expression levels of Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (Fgfr1), Fgfr4, Farnesoid X-activated receptor (Fxr), and Small heterodimer partner (Shp) and plasma FGF15/FGF19 levels did not differ with alcohol challenge. Exogenous FGF21 treatment suppressed Cyp7a1 in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. AALD patients showed markedly higher FGF21 and lower 7α-OHC plasma levels while FGF19 did not differ. Conclusions: The simultaneous upregulation of FGF21 and downregulation of Cyp7a1 expressions upon chronic plus binge alcohol feeding together with the invariant plasma FGF15 and hepatic Shp and Fxr levels suggest the presence of a direct regulatory mechanism of FGF21 on bile acid homeostasis through inhibition of CYP7A1 by an FGF15-independent pathway in this ACLI model. Lay Summary: Alcohol challenge results in the upregulation of FGF21 and repression of Cyp7a1 expressions while circulating FGF15 and hepatic Shp and Fxr levels remain constant both in healthy and pre-injured livers, suggesting the presence of an alternative FGF15-independent regulatory mechanism of FGF21 on bile acid homeostasis through the inhibition of Cyp7a1.     

Move histories and socio-economic position

Conclusion The results are based on the Utrecht survey and earlier findings in the Amersfoort region. Perhaps the exact proportions differ from the average Dutch situation, but it is very clear that the dwelling careers of people of the three socio-economic groups differ enormously. The group with the best education, jobs and income has a more favourite start of the dwelling career and manages to reach a good house in several steps. The others also succeed in improving their housing situation, but not to the same extent as the wealthier people. They stay in another segment of the housing market. Not only money in a direct way, but also labour and housing market, urban structure and government control cause differences between the groups. New patterns of household formation are emerging. It is obvious that in the near future other types of careers will emerge. There is a growing demand for small houses. In our view it is not only important to decide how much and what kind of dwellings are necessary but also the location of those added houses, for a diversified housing supply in a neighbourhood is conducive a good use of the whole housing stock.     

Progress in InGaAs-GaAs selective-area MOCVD toward photonicintegrated circuits

The progress toward integrated photonic devices by selective-area metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) is reviewed. Processing steps involved with fabricating buried heterostructures (BHs) by a three-step technique are outlined, and a computational model is presented that predicts the enhancement behavior of selective-area MOCVD. Results are reviewed for several discrete and integrated photonic devices. These include low-threshold BH lasers, laser diodes integrated with either intracavity or external cavity modulators, dual-channel emitters integrated with both modulators and passive y-junction waveguides, and broad-band light-emitting diodes (LEDs)     

Wavelength-tunable asymmetric cladding ridge-waveguide distributedBragg reflector lasers with very narrow linewidth

Narrow-linewidth ridge-waveguide distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) lasers with asymmetric cladding are demonstrated. This design requires only a single epitaxial growth of an asymmetric cladding laser structure while the grating and the ridge waveguide are fabricated after the growth. These lasers have a threshold current as low as 9 mA, a slope efficiency of 0.3 W/A, and a T₀ of 100 K. Wavelength tuning of 8 nm is achieved by current injection heating of the DBR section. A spectral-linewidth minimum of 36 kHz is achieved at an output power of 20 mW and is limited by linewidth rebroadening due to current injection in both the gain section and DBR section     

Low-threshold narrow-linewidth InGaAs-GaAs ridge-waveguide DBR lasers with first-order surface gratings

The design and operation of InGaAs-GaAs ridge-waveguide distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) single quantum-well lasers with first-order surface gratings fabricated using only a single growth step are presented. Uncoated devices exhibit CW threshold currents as low as 6 mA with slope efficiencies of 0.46 W/A. By varying the period of the first-order DBR grating, a wavelength range of 540 /spl Aring/ (/spl sim/15.2 THz) is obtained with the threshold currents and slope efficiencies remaining below 10 mA and above 0.40 W/A, respectively, over the entire wavelength range. High characteristic temperature, T/sub 0/, values of 450 K, as measured between T=10/spl deg/C and 40/spl deg/C, are obtained for devices with Bragg wavelengths positively detuned from the peak gain wavelength. The spectral linewidth minimum of these devices is below 25 kHz, which is the resolution limit of the self-heterodyning system used to measure the spectral linewidth.     

Very narrow linewidth asymmetric cladding InGaAs-GaAs ridge waveguide distributed Bragg reflector lasers

Asymmetric cladding InGaAs-GaAs ridge waveguide distributed Bragg reflector (RW-DBR) lasers are demonstrated with a spectral linewidth as low as 39 kHz for an output power of 24 mW. The fabrication requires only a single standard epitaxial growth of a laser structure while the use of a thin top cladding layer allows for a shallow reactive ion etch of the distributed Bragg reflector. These RW-DBR lasers have a threshold current of 12.4 mA, a slope of 0.3 W/A, and over 40 dB side-mode suppression at a wavelength of 1010 nm.