A new excimer laser annealing (ELA) process that uses a floating amorphous-Silicon (a-Si) thin film with a multichannel structure is proposed for high-performance poly-Si thin-film transistors (TFTs). The proposed ELA method produces two-dimensional (2-D) grain growth, which can result in a high-quality grain structure. The dual-gate structure was employed to eliminate the grain boundaries perpendicular to the current flow in the channel. A multichannel structure was adapted in order to arrange the grain boundary to be parallel to the current flow. The proposed poly-Si TFT exhibits high-performance electrical characteristics, which are a high mobility of 504 cm/sup 2//Vsec and a low subthreshold slope of 0.337 V/dec. 相似文献
Various fit indices exist in structural equation models. Most of these indices are related to the noncentrality parameter (NCP) of the chi-square distribution that the involved test statistic is implicitly assumed to follow. Existing literature suggests that few statistics can be well approximated by chi-square distributions. The meaning of the NCP is not clear when the behavior of the statistic cannot be described by a chi-square distribution. In this paper we define a new measure of model misfit (MMM) as the difference between the expected values of a statistic under the alternative and null hypotheses. This definition does not need to assume that the population covariance matrix is in the vicinity of the proposed model, nor does it need for the test statistic to follow any distribution of a known form. The MMM does not necessarily equal the discrepancy between the model and the population covariance matrix as has been assumed in existing literature. Bootstrap approaches to estimating the MMM and a related quantity are developed. An algorithm for obtaining bootstrap confidence intervals of the MMM is constructed. Examples with practical data sets contrast several measures of model misfit. The quantile-quantile plot is used to illustrate the unrealistic nature of chi-square distribution assumptions under either the null or an alternative hypothesis in practice.
This paper addresses the problem of power control in a multihop wireless network supporting multicast traffic. We face the problem of forwarding packet traffic to multicast group members while meeting constraints on the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) at the intended receivers. First, we present a distributed algorithm which, given the set of multicast senders and their corresponding receivers, provides an optimal solution when it exists, which minimizes the total transmit power. When no optimal solution can be found for the given set of multicast senders and receivers, we introduce a distributed, joint scheduling and power control algorithm which eliminates the weak connections and tries to maximize the number of successful multicast transmissions. The algorithm allows the other senders to solve the power control problem and minimize the total transmit power. We show that our distributed algorithm converges to the optimal solution when it exists, and performs close to centralized, heuristic algorithms that have been proposed to address the joint scheduling and power control problem. 相似文献