Synchronisation of hyperchaotic oscillators

The authors present three different examples demonstrating the possibility of synchronising hyperchaotic oscillators via a single variable     

A one-site, two-state model for the binding of anions in photosystem II

Photosystem II membranes, dialyzed against a Cl(-)-free buffer to remove bound Cl-, lost about 65% of the control activity. A light-intensity study of the Cl(-)-free membranes showed that all PS II centers were able to evolve oxygen at about 35% of the control rate when measured in Cl(-)-free medium. The Cl(-)-depleted membranes were immediately (< 15 s) reactivated to 85-90% of the original activity by the addition of fairly high concentrations of Cl- (Kd = 0.5 mM), but both Cl- and the activity were promptly lost when the membranes immediately after reactivation were diluted in a Cl(-)-free medium. However, stabilization of Cl(-)-binding could be accomplished by prolonged incubation in the presence of Cl-. The transition to stable binding, followed using 36Cl-, occurred over several minutes. The stable binding was further characterized by a Kd of 20 microM and a t1/2 for dissociation of about 1h [Lindberg et al. (1993) Photosynth. Res. 38, 401-408]. The effects on S2 signals of removal of Cl- were studied using EPR. The depletion of Cl- was accompanied by a shift in intensity toward the g = 4.1 signal at the expense of the multiline signal. When Cl- or Br- but not F- was added to the depleted PS II membranes, the original distribution of the signals was immediately (< 30 s) restored. We propose that Cl(-)-binding responsible for high oxygen-evolution activity and normal EPR properties of the S2 state may occur either as high affinity (Kd = 20 microM) and slowly exchanging (t1/2 = 1 h), or as low affinity (Kd = 0.5 mM) and rapidly exchanging (t1/2 < 15 s). Our results suggest that Br- but not F- has a mode of binding similar to that of Cl-. The high-affinity state is the normal state of binding, but once Cl- has been removed, it will first rebind as low-affinity, rapidly exchanging followed by conversion into a high-affinity, slowly exchanging mode of binding.     

Tagging of η mesons using the pd → 3Heη reaction near threshold

A zero-degree spectrometer for tagging η mesons on the CELSIUS/WASA facility is described, and its characteristics are presented. Tagging of η mesons is performed by detecting ³He ions produced by reaction pd → ³Heη close to the production threshold. The low background level (<2%) is in good agreement with the data obtained earlier on the SATURNE accelerator.     

Classification of the spoilage flora of raw and pasteurized bovine milk, with special reference to Pseudomonas and Bacillus

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of job satisfaction to job difficulty and worthiness, reported by the clinical psychologists who worked at medical institutions. A mail survey of 748 clinical psychologists working at hospital and clinics revealed the following results. First, job satisfaction was related more to job situation than job content. Also, job satisfaction was low among those who worked at non-university psychiatric or geriatric hospitals, who did not practice psychotherapy, and who were not in education, research, or management. In addition, compared to the high job satisfaction group, the low group perceived more incongruity between institutional climate and their psychological work, felt being less valued by other professionals, were less able to function fully as a practicing psychologist, and experienced more role ambiguity as a clinical psychologist in a hospital setting.     

Chlorine loss and mass loss from Polyvinylchloride and polyvinylidenchloride under the electron beam

The loss of chlorine during the irradiation of PVC and PVDC in the electron microscope has been measured by the decay of the X-ray chlorineK signal. A number of factors affecting the measured beam damage curves have been considered and the experimental errors reduced to ±10%. The results show that the chlorine decay curves can be best described by the sum of two exponentials, corresponding to the two different chlorine decay processes, these being: the dehydrochlorination of the polymer molecules and the dehydrochlorination of the polyene structure formed by the beam damage. The higher initial chlorine content of PVDC compared to PVC will result in a larger amount of chlorine atoms reacting with the polyene structure, which is more stable in the electron beam than the undamaged polymer. The chlorine loss, measured by X-ray analysis, has been compared to the mass loss, measured by energy loss analysis, and also with the volume changes of isolated spherical PVC particles. It has been concluded that the mass loss is almost entirely due to chlorine loss and that the residual structure has a density similar to the undamaged PVC.     

Determination of specific heat of phenol formaldehyde resol resins by differential scanning calorimetry

The specific heat, Cp, was determined by DSC on a series of resol-type phenol formaldehyde resins with varying phenol formaldehyde molar ratio. The extrapolated Cp values at 25°C vary between 1.181-1.206 kJ · kg^?1 K^?1 and the dCp/dT ratio was found to be 0.0042kJ · kg^?1K^?2 in the temperature range of 70–125°C.