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The Journal of Supercomputing - The sensor nodes consume a large amount of energy to transfer the sensed information directly to the base station (BS). To reduce the energy consumption from the...  相似文献   
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One of the biggest challenges in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is to efficiently utilise the limited energy available in the network. In most cases, the energy units of sensors cannot be replaced or replenished. Therefore, the need for energy efficient and robust algorithms for load balancing in WSNs is ever present. This need is even more pronounced in the case of cluster-based WSNs, where the Cluster Head (CH) gathers data from its member nodes and transmits this data to the base station or sink. In this paper, we propose a location independent algorithm to cluster the sensor nodes under gateways, as CHs into well defined, load balanced clusters. The location-less aspect also avoids the energy loss in running GPS modules. Simulations of the proposed algorithm are performed and compared with a few existing algorithms. The results show that the proposed algorithm shows better performance under different evaluation metrics such as average energy consumed by sensor nodes vs number of rounds, number of active sensors vs number of rounds, first gateway die and half of the gateways die.

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Wireless Personal Communications - Energy consumption is one of the important factor of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). It has much attention in many fields. From recent studies, it is observed...  相似文献   
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Polycrystalline soft ferrites, Zninx Cu1−x Fe2O4 (x = 0.30, 0.50, 0.70, 0.80 and 0- 90), doped with controlled amount of calcium chloride (CaCl2) were prepared by standard ceramic route and studied for a.c. susceptibility. X- ray diffraction studies of the compositions reveal formation of single- phase cubic spinel. The values of lattice constant increase as doping percentage of CaCl2 increased from 001% to 005% and afterwards decrease slightly. The presence of chlorine ions is confirmed by absorption peak in far IR spectra near 650 cm− 1 for all the samples. The variation of a.c. susceptibility with temperature shows the existence of single domain structure forx = 0.3 and exhibits transition from single domain to multidomain structure with increased Ca2+ contents from 0.01 to 0.1%. The composition,x = 0.5, shows multidomain structure independent of Ca2+ content. The samples forx = 0.70, 0.80 and 0.90 show paramagnetic behaviour at and above room temperature.  相似文献   
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