Effect of Heat-Treatment of Wheat Flour on Pancake Springiness

Pancakes baked with heat-treated wheat flour increased in springiness (recovery from compression) and decreased in gumminess. Brabender Amylograph tests of heat-treated wheat flours (at 120°C for 0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 5.0 hr) also showed the first viscosity-increase of the flour-water slurries started at lower temperatures when duration of the heat-treatment was increased. The property changes brought about by heat-treatment are consistent with properties of chlorinated wheat flour.     

NOTE ON THE ARITHMETIC RULE BY ZADEH FOR FUZZY CONDITIONAL INFERENCE

Abstract

This paper shows that Zadeh's arithmetic rule for fuzzy conditional propositions “If x is A then y is B” and “If x is A then y is B else y is C” can infer quite reasonable consequences in a fuzzy conditional inference if new compositions of “max-[Odot] composition” and “max- composition” are used in the compositional rule of inference, though, as was pointed out before, this arithmetic rule cannot get suitable consequences in the compositional rule of inference which uses max-min composition. Moreover, it is shown that the arithmetic rule satisfies a syllogism under these two compositions.     

Crystallographic Analysis of the Cubic-to-Tetragonal Phase Transformation in the ZrO2-Y2O3 System

The crystallography of diffusion-induced and diffusionless cubic-to-tetragonal phase transformations in the ZrO₂-Y₂O₃ system is examined on the basis of the phenomenological crystallographic theory by adopting the lsqb;011rsqb; (0 1 1) twinning system as the lattice invariant deformation system. Numerical calculation indicates that the principal axes of the cubic phase are not exactly parallel to those of the tetragonal phase and that the habit plane orientation is sensitive to the lattice parameters of the cubic and tetragonal phases. The calculated results are compared with the observed crystallography of the tetragonal precipitates formed by diffusion and of the metastable tetragonal phase formed in a diffusionless manner. In many aspects, the present results were in good agreement with experimental observations. In particular, the crystallography and morphology of the so-called "herringbone" structure are very well explained by the present analysis.     

Crystal Structures and Mechanism of Thermal Expansion of High Cordierite and Its Solid Solutions

The crystal structure of high cordierite and that of high cordierite solid solutions containing either Mn or Ga or Ge were refined. The structural changes caused by substitutions and the characteristic features of deformations of each T1O₄, T2O₄ tetrahedron and MO₆ octahedron were clarified. Thorough crystal chemical considerations led to a conclusion that the structure of Mn-bearing solid solution at room temperature may be regarded as a model structure of high cordierite at an elevated temperature. On the basis of the thermal expansion mechanism derived from this consideration, the thermal expansion behavior of the solid solutions is presented.     

Resonance characteristics of Y1 Ba2 Cu3 O7-8 superconductor ceramic coil

This research is concerned with Y₁ Ba₂ Cu₃ O_7-8 a superconductor ceramics. This ceramic pressed into a cylindrical form was cut into a wire coil by manual work and the Q-value as against frequency was measured in parallel resonance of a 5 turn coil. When the coil was cooled below the critical temperature, the electrical resistance of the superconductor vanished and the Q-value increased by about 9 times from 13 to 112 for a parallel capacity of 100 pF. The inductance of the coil was about 0-201μ H for a frequency of 25-2 MHz     

Discrete-time optimal regulator with closed-loop poles in a prescribed region

This paper is concerned with the problem of designing discrete-time optimal control systems with closed-loop poles in a prescribed region of stability. First, by utilizing the property of the Riccati equation with Q being zero, we develop a method for allocating poles in a disc with centre at the origin of the complex plane and with radius less than 1. Secondly, we deal with pole placement in a disc which is in the unit disc and also contacts the point 1 + j0 of the complex plane. To this end, a bilinear transformation and continuous-time regulator results are employed. In each case, the radius of the disc can be specified as a design parameter, and the weighting matrices of the performance index are obtained to fulfil the desired pole allocations. The design procedures are also illustrated by numerical examples.     

FUZZY ROBOT CONTROLS

Abstract

A fuzzy program is defined as an ordered sequence of fuzzy instructions. In the execution of a fuzzy program, fuzzy instructions are translated into machine instructions by the use of MAX-METHOD and backtracking. To show how a fuzzy program is executed, a simulation system is exploited which controls a simple inchworm robot. A few examples of computer simulations are presented which deal with the behavior of a stranger (or a robot) searching for his destination in a modeled town under simple fuzzy instructions.