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2.
Celin Gürler Mathias Feyen Silke Behrens Nina Matoussevitch Annette M. Schmidt 《Polymer》2008,49(9):2211-2216
Much effort is conducted to construct artificial objects that are capable of converting chemical or electromagnetic energy into a specific, predetermined motion on the nanoscale. We present results on the synthesis of core–shell nanoparticles capable to be set in rotation by the application of electromagnetic fields. The nanorotors implied in the study are based on the cobalt nanospheres decorated with a stabilizing brush shell composed of poly(?-caprolactone) that is attached by surface-initiated polymerization. The functional cores used as macroinitiators can be fabricated alternatively by a two-step or a one-step process. 相似文献
3.
Microstructural characterization of a high-Al2 O3 substrate containing cofired thick-film tungsten metallization, with particular emphasis on the metal/ceramic interface, was conducted. The substrate contained tabular Al2 O3 grains surrounded by a continuous calcium magnesium aluminum silicate glass containing particles of monoclinic ZrO2 and reduced rutile (TiO2- x ). The metal/ceramic adhesion was caused by mechanical interlocking between the W and Al2 O3 grains by the glass phase which penetrated the porous W layers during sintering; there was no interfacial reaction or diffusion zone. The mechanical properties of the W metallization did not limit interfacial strength. Heat treatments of the substrate at 1400 K in air and under vacuum resulted in the devitrification of the intergranular glass. The most abundant devitrification product was anorthite (CaAl2 Si2 O8 ), accompanied by magnesium aluminate titanate, magnesium aluminate spinel, α-cristobalite (SiO2 ), and α-cordierite (Mg2 Al4 Si5 O18 ). In addition, small rutile particles precipitated within the Al2 O3 grains. 相似文献
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This paper studies a new class of single-machine scheduling problems, which are faced by Just-in-Time-suppliers satisfying a given demand. In these models the processing of jobs leads to a release of a predefined number of product units into inventory. Consumption is triggered by predetermined time-varying, and product-specific demand requests. While all demands have to be fulfilled, the objective is to minimize the resulting product inventory. We investigate different subproblems of this general setting with regard to their computational complexity. For more restricted problem versions strongly polynomial time algorithms are presented. In contrast to this, NP-hardness in the strong sense is proven for more general problem versions. Moreover, for the most general version, even finding a feasible solution is shown to be strongly NP-hard. 相似文献
6.
II Wistuba C Behrens S Milchgrub AK Virmani J Jagirdar B Thomas HL Ioachim LA Litzky EM Brambilla JD Minna AF Gazdar 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,279(19):1554-1559
CONTEXT: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been associated with an increasing incidence of malignancy, and HIV-infected persons have an increased incidence of primary lung carcinoma compared with the general population. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the molecular changes present in HIV-associated lung tumors and compare them with those present in lung carcinomas arising in HIV-indeterminate subjects ("sporadic tumors"). DESIGN: Convenience sample. SUBJECTS: Archival tissues from 11 HIV-positive persons and from 35 persons of indeterminate HIV status. SETTING: University-based medical centers and affiliated hospitals. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Analysis of frequency of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and microsatellite alteration (MA) using polymerase chain reaction and 16 polymorphic microsatellite markers at 8 chromosomal regions frequently deleted in lung cancer. Presence of HIV and human papillomavirus (HPV) sequences. RESULTS: The overall frequency of LOH at all chromosomal regions tested and the frequencies at most of the individual regions were similar in the 2 groups. Frequency of MA present in the HIV-associated tumors (0.18) was 6-fold higher than in sporadic tumors (0.03) (P<.001). At least 1 MA was present in 10 (91%) of 11 HIV-associated tumors vs 17 (48%) of 35 sporadic tumors (P=.02). Molecular changes were independent of tumor stage and gender. HIV and HPV sequences were not detected in the HIV-associated lung carcinomas. CONCLUSIONS: Microsatellite alterations, which reflect widespread genomic instability, occur at greatly increased frequency in HIV-associated lung carcinomas. Although the mechanism underlying the development of increased MAs is unknown, it may play a crucial role in the development of many HIV-associated tumors. 相似文献
7.
Malte Krack Marc Secanell Pierre Mertiny 《Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization》2011,44(1):57-73
A procedure to find the optimal design of a flywheel with a split-type hub is presented. Since cost plays a decisive role
in stationary flywheel energy storage applications, a trade-off between energy and cost is required. Applying a scaling technique,
the multi-objective design problem is reduced to the maximization of the energy-per-cost ratio as the single objective. Both
an analytical and a finite element model were studied. The latter was found to be more than three orders of magnitude more
computationally expensive than the analytical model, while the analytical model can only be regarded as a coarse approximation.
Multifidelity approaches were examined to reduce the computational expense while retaining the high accuracy and large modeling
depth of the finite element model. Using a surrogate-based optimization strategy, the computational cost was reduced to only
one third in comparison to using only the finite element model. A nonlinear interior-point method was employed to find the
optimal rim thicknesses and rotational speed. The benefits of the split-type hub architecture were demonstrated. 相似文献
8.
Tristan Behrens Mehdi Dastani Jürgen Dix Michael Köster Peter Novák 《Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence》2010,59(3-4):277-311
The Multi-Agent Programming Contest is an annual international event on programming multi-agent systems: Teams of agents participate in a simulated cooperative scenario. It started in 2005 and is organised in 2010 for the sixth time. The contest is an attempt to stimulate research in the area of multi-agent system development and programming by (i) identifying key problems in the field and (ii) collecting suitable benchmarks that can serve as milestones for testing multi-agent programming languages, platforms and tools. This article provides a short history of the contest since it started and reports in more detail on the cows and cowboys scenario implemented for the 2008, 2009 and 2010 contest editions. We briefly discuss the underlying technological background and conclude with a critical discussion of the experiences and lessons learned. 相似文献
9.
A Lack of Insight: An Experimental Analysis of R&D Managers’ Decision Making in Innovation Portfolio Management 下载免费PDF全文
Judith Behrens 《Creativity & Innovation Management》2016,25(2):239-250
This study analyses the decision to exploit an innovation project and investigates differences in individuals’ evaluations of project attributes in the context of innovation project portfolio management. A conjoint field experiment was used to collect data on exploitation decisions made by 126 research and development (R&D) managers to test how managers evaluate specific project attributes in the context of innovation project portfolio management. I analyse the relative power and popularity of profitability, strategy, uncertainty and social dimensions of the portfolio while R&D managers exploit an innovation project. Moreover, using social judgement theory, I analyse actual exploitation processes (i.e., the innovation attributes an R&D manager considers while he or she is making an exploitation decision) and self‐reported decision‐making attributes (i.e., managers’ self‐reported data). The data underline that R&D managers value specific project attributes more and others less, and therefore find disparities in innovation project portfolio decision making. Based on this study's results, decision makers are better able to reflect and understand the influence of specific project attributes. Therefore, they should investigate established decision‐making processes which can help them to improve portfolio performance. 相似文献
10.
Jens Lincke Malte Appeltauer Bastian Steinert Robert Hirschfeld 《Science of Computer Programming》2011,76(12):1194-1209
Context-oriented programming (COP) provides dedicated support for defining and composing variations to a basic program behavior. A variation, which is defined within a layer, can be de-/activated for the dynamic extent of a code block. While this mechanism allows for control flow-specific scoping, expressing behavior adaptations can demand alternative scopes. For instance, adaptations can depend on dynamic object structure rather than control flow. We present scenarios for behavior adaptation and identify the need for new scoping mechanisms. The increasing number of scoping mechanisms calls for new language abstractions representing them. We suggest to open the implementation of scoping mechanisms so that developers can extend the COP language core according to their specific needs. Our open implementation moves layer composition into objects to be affected and with that closer to the method dispatch to be changed. We discuss the implementation of established COP scoping mechanisms using our approach and present new scoping mechanisms developed for our enhancements to Lively Kernel. 相似文献