Expression of bovine beta-lactoglobulin/human erythropoietin fusion protein in the milk of transgenic mice and rabbits

We have generated several transgenic mouse lines and rabbits expressing efficiently (up to 0.3 mg/ml in mice and up to 0.5 mg/ml in rabbits) human erythropoietin in their milk as bovine beta-lactoglobulin fusion protein. Human erythropoietin cDNA was inserted in frame into exon 5 of the bovine beta-lactoglobulin gene with a linker oligonucleotide encoding the cleavage site for bacterial IgA protease. RNA analysis performed on one lactating transgenic mouse and one transgenic rabbit revealed that the fusion gene was expressed almost exlusively in the mammary gland, although low amounts of transgene-derived RNA were detectable in salivary glands and uterus or in the kidney. The fusion protein was specifically cleaved with IgA protease. The erythropoietin part obtained upon digestion had a lower molecular mass than recombinant erythropoietin produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells. By deglycosylation analysis it was shown that the difference in size was due to a different type of glycosylation. Biological activity of the fusion protein, as determined by growth stimulation of TF-1 erythroleukemia cells, was less than 15% of that of human recombinant erythropoietin. Upon digestion of the fusion protein with IgA protease, biological activity comparable to that of the recombinant erythropoietin was recovered. Transgenic males and virgin females did not show signs of enhanced erythropoiesis, but lactating females expressing the transgene displayed transient increases in their hematocrit values.     

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Adolescent egocentrism and formal operations: Tests of a theoretical assumption.

The theoretical relation between adolescent egocentrism and formal operations was addressed in 2 studies. In Study 1, this relation was assessed with the Adolescent Egocentrism Scale (AES; R. Enright et al, see PA, Vols 63:5127 and 65:10218) and a battery of formal reasoning tasks administered to 183 6th-, 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-graders. The results reveal only significant negative or nonsignificant correlations between the measures in early adolescence. There was also no evidence of significant developmental covariation from early to middle adolescence. The validation effort was extended in Study 2 to include 2 measures of adolescent egocentrism (AES and the Imaginary Audience Scale [IAS; D. Elkind and R. Bowen, see PA, Vol 62:5769]) and a 2nd battery of formal operations problems. These measures were administered to 117 7th-, 9th-, and 11th-graders and to 56 undergraduates. There was once again no evidence of significant developmental covariation among the measures. The correlations between the AES and IAS were modest, reflecting differences in the nature and content of the measures. It is concluded that little support exists in this study or in the literature for the crucial theoretical assumption of adolescent egocentrism. (19 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

An implementation of drive key cellular manufacturing

The drive key is one of the most important high-precision components of aircraft braking systems. In this paper, a cost effective drive keys manufacturing process is developed. This proposed manufacturing process makes use of near-net-shape manufacturing, computer numerical control (CNC) machining, and cellular manufacturing methods. To make the proposed process a reality, proper engineering with the proposed parts along with group technology are applied to the product design in conjunction with the proposed manufacturing methods. In addition, a general spreadsheet program is developed for each style of fixture modules to assist in part program coding. Moreover, statistical process control (SPC) is implemented to verify product quality and accept the product at the point of manufacture. It is observed that the implementation of the proposed drive key cellular manufacturing process results in a tremendous improvement in quality, throughput and productivity as well as a drastic reduction in manufacturing operations, workholding fixtures, cutting tools, and inspection media.     

Experiments with negative ions in3He superfluids

The interaction between negative ions and ³ He superfluids was studied by using a time-of-flight spectrometer having a 10^–3 relative resolution. The ions guided through a sample of rotating³He-A were found to be focused into the cores of the vortices present in this rotating superfluid. Two different types, with different core structures and presumably different numbers of circulation quanta associated with them, were found. The ion mobility along the vortex cores, _c , observed in the absence of external magnetic field, can be explained by the mobility anisotropy of the A phase, which indicates that the vortices are continuous, i.e., consist of the A phase even in the core. In finite magnetic fields, a qualitatively similar continuous vortex structure was found, a result compatible with the earlier nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments, but also a new vortex type with an anomalously high _c was seen when the vortex sample was prepared adiabatically. The observed strong ion focusing indicates broken w-symmetry in the core textures. This is in contradiction with the earlier numerical calculations on the optimal continuous vortex texture. Experiments to observe trapping of ions into the vortex cores were performed both in A and B phases. No trapping could be detected. Mobility measurements in stationary liquid were extended down toT=0.3T _c . Comparison with the calculated transport coefficients yields _A (T)=1.32 _BCS (T) for the maximal A phase gap atP=29.3 bar, and _B (T)=1.12 _BCS (T) for the B phase gap at 4.8 bar. In the normal Fermi liquid a shallow minimum of ion mobility was detected aroundT2T _c =5 mK.     

Diets,population structure,and seasonal activity patterns of mudpuppies (Necturus maculosus) in an urban,Great Lakes coastal habitat

Freshwater species native to the Laurentian Great Lakes region face numerous environmental stressors, and the conservation status and ecological relationships of many remain poorly understood. One such species, the mudpuppy (Necturus maculosus), is declining, but better information on their natural history and development of more effective population monitoring techniques is needed. We assessed seasonal variation in capture success, biases in capture techniques, and feeding ecology of mudpuppies in Wolf Lake, a highly perturbed and urban former estuarine wetland complex to Lake Michigan. Trapping periods of ≥ 3 consecutive nights occurred from January to May 2015, and October 2015 to March 2016. Overall trapping success differed among trapping periods (p = 0.01) and declined precipitously at water temperatures above 14.1 °C (p < 0.001). Mudpuppies in traps (mean 26.9 ± 0.5 cm) were larger than those caught with hand nets (mean 14.7 ± 0.8 cm, p < 0.0001), suggesting that multiple methods may be needed to accurately assess demographics. Stomach contents obtained through gastric lavage included mollusks, leeches, insects, isopods, amphipods, crayfish, fish, a frog, and a juvenile conspecific. Invasive species, including rusty crayfish (Orconectes rusticus), round gobies (Neogobius melanostomus), and zebra/quagga mussels (Dreissena spp.) were present in guts, suggesting mudpuppy foraging has changed along with aquatic communities in the region. Prey community analyses revealed differences in overall diet among size classes of mudpuppies (p = 0.001), but relatively weak similarity within size classes. Results suggest that mudpuppies in lake ecosystems occupy a broad niche that changes as they grow.     

洞察高级持久性威胁

正高级持久性威胁(APT)的发起者利用多种意想不到、时间敏感而且各不相同的攻击向量来攻击你的服务器。在尝试识别、抵御和防止此类攻击威胁时,我们的经验、知识和技术可帮助您做出有效的安全干预决策。如果缺乏对环境、实际网络流量及内容的全面了解,您只能凭空猜测,因此最终的决策可能对,也可能不对。出现APT安全问题时,企业通常会向网络安全运行专业人员施加压力,要求他们快速解释并解决问