Effects of ammoniation on aflatoxins in rations fed lactating cows

A multifaceted cooperative research program involving industry, government and universities was initiated to determine the effects of feeding lactating dairy cows rations containing various levels of cotton-seed and cottonseed meal that had been naturally contaminated with aflatoxins. Evidence is presented that ammoniation of aflatoxin-contaminated cottonseed and cottonseed meal eliminates the aflatoxins, producing a product safe for feeding to ruminants. The aflatoxin M₁ content of milk samples of individual cows receiving rations containing (a) prime cottonseed meal, (b) aflatoxin contaminated meal, and (c) aflatoxin contaminated meal that had ammoniation treatment is reported. Data comparing results with (d) prime cottonseed, (e) aflatoxin contaminated seed, and (f) aflatoxin-contaminated seed that had ammoniation treatment are also reported. None of the milk samples from cows fed ammoniated rations contained any detectable M₁ by the modified Jacobson et al. methodology used. The sensitibity of the method in this laboratory is 0.1 μg M₁/liter of milk. Under the conditions of this study, aflatoxin M₁ levels are related to the levels of aflatoxin B₁ consumed in the diet of the cows. Conversion ratios are reported. Aflatoxin M₁ levels in the milk, relative to the time of the cows’ initial ingestion of aflatoxin B₁, the persistence of M₁ in the milk after discontinuing ingestion of B₁, and disappearance of M₁ under the conditions of the analytical methodology used relative to storage time and temperatures, are reported for liquid milk and for frozen milk. Milk containing the highest level of aflatoxin M₁ was treated with rennet. An 80:20 partion of aflatoxin M₁ was observed between curd and whey, respectively.     

ATM for narrowband services

ATM is a broadband fast-packet technology, but its modern technological base should make it less expensive than existing circuit switching systems once economies of scale are reached. The article examines the use of ATM to address the growth of emerging narrowband services such as frame relay. ATM's flexibility in supporting variable rates and levels of service make it an ideal network technology to carry multiple services. While B-ISDN services promise many benefits to users, major issues must be addressed before such services can be available on a large scale. Utilizing ATM as a backbone technology to support the growing capacity needs of emerging narrowband services could facilitate more rapid introduction of ATM into the network infrastructure and speed delivery of future BISDN services     

最新OCC回收技术

随着废纸用量的增加,其来源将变得困难,特别是在亚洲。过去几年中从欧洲出口到亚洲的废纸量有明显的增长。随着欧洲生产能力的增加,目前过剩的一部分废纸就会在欧洲内部消化掉。因此,亚洲所增加的废纸用量大部分将由美国也可能是日本来提供。虽然近期美国产能增加很少。尽管最终废纸价格是随箱纸板价格变动的,但这种影响也可能导致ＯＣＣ价格上扬而箱纸板价格下跌的恶果。 在过去的５年中,传统的ＯＣＣ流程发生了缓慢的变化,脱墨系统中的一些概念正在被用于ＯＣＣ流程。其中包括制浆过程和阴离子杂质的脱除过程的变化。然而,影响Ｏ…     

BOD5测定的误差分析及数据评价

尽管近年来发展了一系列先进的BOD测量仪器和方法,但是传统的标准稀释法仍然是一种可靠的测定方法.主要讨论了BOD5测定中的影响因素及其造成的误差.通过试验和对BOD5计算公式的分析,对BOD5测定数据的探讨,提出一种简便的测定计算方法及测定试验中应该注意的问题,以减小测定误差,取得真实可靠的数据.     

Rapid analysis for aflatoxins in cottonseed products with silica gel cartridge clean- up

A proposed rapid and versatile method of analysis for aflatoxins in cottonseed products using Waters Associates’ Sep- Pak silica cartridge clean- up is presented. Samples are extracted with acetonitrile/ water azeotrope and a filtered aliquot is evaporated to dryness. A toluene/acetonitrile (96:4) solution of the dry extract is applied to a Sep- Pak column. Gossypol derivatives and other artifacts are eluted with chloroform/ethyl ether (1:4). The Sep- Pak is then mated with either a Romer minicolumn for rapid minicolumn application or a small column of acid alumina deactivated with 4% water to produce a clean extract for quantitation by thin layer chromatography or high pressure liquid chromatography.     

Seed coat and fiber constituents of cotton seeds that may influence aflatoxin analysis

Normal constituents of seed coats and fibers of fuzzy cotton seeds were found which can interfere with aflatoxin analyses of embryos (meats). Aflatoxins were partially or totally obscured in chromatograms prepared with extracts containing these constituents. A blue fluorescing substance with an R_F approximating that of aflatoxin B was found to be a normal constituent of seed coats and fibers. This substance differs from aflatoxins in several ways: it fades quickly from thin-layer chromatograms exposed to ultraviolet light, disappearing within an hour; it does not form complexes with acetic acid- and formic acidthionyl chloride solutions or with trifluoroacetic acid; it does not have the characteristic ultraviolet absorption bands of aflatoxins.     

Review of The psychology of the criminal act and punishment.

Reviews the book, The psychology of the criminal act and punishment by G. Zilboorg (see record 1954-08875-000). This book examines the motivation and consequences of punishment of the criminal and points to the "curative powers of healthy self-punishment which never becomes hostility." The author presents excellent suggested courtroom ethics for the representatives of the behavior sciences. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Review of An outline of abnormal psychology.

Reviews the book, An outline of abnormal psychology rev. ed., edited by G. Murphy and Arthur J. Bachrach (see record 1955-02647-000). This is not just another book on abnormal psychology, as the title may suggest, but a collection of readings which may be used either to supplement existing texts, or alone, as an aid to stimulating insight and understanding in the searching layman. As psychology's role in the community continues to be enlarged, there will be more and more need for authentic, readable, and relevant books such as this for the average reader. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Grain Boundaries, Fracture, and Heat Treatment of Commercial Partially Stabilized Zirconia

Studies of commercial PSZ show that fractography is quite feasible. Although the fracture was predominately transgranular, it commonly originated from grain-boundary facets. This behavior indicates that strengths are controlled by energies less than those for polycrystalline fracture and are limited by grain boundaries. Appropriate heat treatment under reducing conditions gave strengths up to ≅ 600 MPa; Stoichiometry appears to be important .     

Use of zinc acetate in extract purification for aflatoxin assay of cottonseed products

The official Association of Official Analytical Chemists’ and American Oil Chemists’ Society’s methods for aflatoxin assay of cottonseed products utilize 20% lead acetate solution to remove gossypol, fatty acids, and traces of lipids as insoluble lead derivatives. The substitution of a 20% zinc acetate solution containing a trace of a trivalent metal chloride to precipitate zinc derivatives yields, in some cases, superior cleanup of interfering compounds of primary extracts.