Case performed: simultaneous surgery for left coronary ostial stenosis and gastric cancer

This report describes a case in which a 68-year-old male underwent two operations simultaneously for left coronary ostial stenosis and gastric cancer. Successfully performed procedures were a single coronary artery grafting with the saphenous vein to the left anterior descending artery, and a subtotal gastrectomy using the Billroth II method. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged from the hospital in good condition after 42 days. At present, one-year postoperative, the patient has been visiting the outpatient clinic in healthy condition.     

Fabrication of large-volume microfluidic chamber embedded in glass using three-dimensional femtosecond laser micromachining

We report on fabrication of large-volume, square-shaped microfluidic chamber embedded in glass by scanning a tightly focused femtosecond laser beam inside a porous glass immersed in water. After the hollow structure is created in the porous glass substrate, the fabricated glass sample is post-annealed at 1,050°C during which it can be sintered into a compact glass. By the use of this technique, a 1 mm × 1 mm × 100 μm microchamber connected to four microfluidic channels is created inside the transparent glass substrate, showing that our technique allows for fabrication of not only thin channel structures with arbitrary lengths and configurations, but also hollow structures with infinitely large sizes.     

Efficient frequency doubling of 1-W continuous-wave Ti:sapphire laser with a robust high-finesse external cavity

We demonstrated an intrinsic conversion efficiency of 56% from the input fundamental power to the generated second-harmonic power. The second-harmonic power of 581 mW was obtained from the external cavity with a LiB3O5 crystal through the frequency doubling of a 1.17-W Ti:sapphire laser at 746 nm, when the finesse of the robust external cavity was 260.     

An optical field-induced ionization X-ray laser using a preformedplasma scheme

Soft X-ray amplification by optical field-induced ionization (OFI) of a preformed plasma is investigated. A small-signal gain of 20 cm^-1 and a gain-length product of 4 at 13.5 nm on the Lyman-α transition in hydrogen-like lithium have been obtained using the modified OFI scheme. Experimental and numerical results ensure that we have produced a plasma with a significantly lower electron temperature than what is expected by an above-threshold ionization model. To explain the results, a two component plasma model in which relatively high temperature electrons are produced by OFI in a cold electron bath of the preformed plasma is presented. The model indicates that the average electron temperature of the OFI plasma rapidly decreases since a high-temperature part of the electrons escapes from the focal volume without interaction. The initial electrons produced prior to the field ionization, which survive after the OEI, also significantly contribute to the rapid three-body recombination. Based on the ionization-induced refractive index change, the pulse propagation of a high-intensity pump laser during the OFI is also discussed     

Partial median sternotomy for pediatric cardiac surgery

There have been few reports on lymph node swelling in human parvovirus (HPV) B19 infection. A report of a 42-year-old female, who developed HPV B19-associated transient red cell aplasia with lymphadenopathy, is presented. The lymph node swelling began with the appearance of atypical lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and it disappeared as the patient recovered from the aplasia. Microscopically, the patient's bone marrow showed characteristic giant proerythroblasts with no maturation of the erythroid series. An excised inguinal lymph node showed florid, reactive follicular hyperplasia with paracortex expansion, and neutrophil infiltration and hemophagocytosis in the medullary sinus. These findings were compatible with the histology of a viral infection. A polymerase chain reaction study revealed HPV B19 in her serum and lymph node, but an immunohistochemical study failed to demonstrate HPV B19 capsid antigen in the lymph node or bone marrow. Although the present case suggests that reactive lymphadenopathy is associated with HPV B19 infection, the mechanism of the lymph node swelling still remains to be elucidated.     

Efficient operation of a low-impedance Blumlein discharge initiated HF/DF chemical laser

A study is described on the efficient operation of an HF/DF chemical laser initiated by a low-impedance Blumlein discharge. Some combinations of 0.33 and 0.66-Ω flat-plate Blumlein lines with simple discharge chambers of various active volumes were investigated. For an SF6/H2mixture, an HF laser gave a maximum efficiency of 6.3 percent, and 5 J/1 was extracted. Substitution of D2for H2gave a DF laser output energy as high as 80 percent of the HF chemical laser output.     

X-ray preionization of rare-gas-halide lasers

The preionization characteristics of X-rays for self-sustained discharge rare-gas-halide lasers are summarized. X-rays showed features superior to UV for preionization of large volume high-pressure discharge lasers, which was experimentally confirmed. Futhermore, the effect of preionization on laser output was found to depend on the spatial distribution of preionization electron density and discharge electric field. When a uniform electric field area was homogeneously preionized with a collimated X-ray, an electron density of 10⁷cm^-3was found to be sufficient for high energy extraction of a XeCl laser.     

Electrodeposition of high purity manganese from low temperature (∼ −16° C) chloride electrolyte

Electrolytic manganese (99-98% purity and sulphur) is commercially produced by using sulphate electrolyte at 35° C with the addition of sulphur compounds at current efficiencies of about 60–65%. In the present investigations, adherent, compact and higher purity manganese was obtained by electrolysis in manganese chloride solutions at lower temperature (–16° C) without any additives such as sulphur or selenium compounds. A basic study was made to determine the current efficiency of deposition from low temperature chloride electrolytes. Factors affecting the process were: bath temperature, current density, ammonium salt concentration, pH and time of deposition. It was concluded that the electrodeposition of high purity manganese from low temperature chloride electrolyte was feasible. From a comparison between the MnCl₂-NH₄SO₃NH₂ and MnCl₂-NH₄Cl systems adopted, it was shown that the former had the advantage over the latter in its higher current efficiency (87% against 84%) below –8° C, while the latter was superior to the former with regard to its wider range of optimum current density (1–4 A dm^–2). The process may be used with advantage when high purity and ductile manganese free of impurities such as sulphur is required and when cooling of the bath is not an important and economic consideration.     

Phase transitions in R2 SnCl6-type crystals (R = NH3 C2H3, NH3C2H5 and N(CH3)4)

The thermal dilatation in (NH₃ ·CH₃) SnCl₆, (NH₃ · C₂H₅) SnCl₆ and [N(CH₃)] SnCl₆ was measured, and as the results it has turned out that (NH₃ ⁶·C₂H₅) SnCl₆ and [N(CH₃)₄]₂ SnCl₆ undergo the first order transitions at 128 K and 158 K, respectively. The low temperature phases of (NH · C₂H₅) SnCl₆ and [N(CH₃)₄]₂ SnC1₆ are found to be monoclinic and tetragonal, respectively, No phase transition was observed in (NH₃ ·CH₃)₂ SnCl₆ down to 77 K.