Integrated circuits for television receivers

Integrated circuits are being investigated for use in as many television circuits as feasible. In Japan, considerable work has been done by different groups within the TV industry to develop ICs that will permit cost reduction, increased reliability, and simplification of assembly-line operations. This article is a report on results of the concentrated efforts made by five major television set manufacturers to develop and produce black-and-white and color receivers, in collaboration with four universities, two institutes, and seven components manufacturers.     

New π-conjugated polymers containing oxazole in the main chain: Optical and electrochemical properties

Oxazole-containing π-conjugated polymers, an alternating copolymer of 9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7-diyl and 2,5-bis(p-phenylene)oxazole (P(Flu-DPOxz)) and an alternating copolymer of 2,5-dialkoxy-p-phenylene and 2,5-bis(p-phenylene(oxazole)) (P(ROPh-DPOxz)), have been synthesized by Pd-catalyzed organometallic polycondensation. They were soluble in organic solvents, and had number average molecular weights of 18?600 and 24?700, respectively, in GPC analysis. P(Flu-DPOxz) and P(ROPh-DPOxz) showed UV-vis absorption peaks at about 380 nm in CHCl₃. Powder XRD patterns and UV-vis data of the polymers indicated that the polymer solid was amorphous. The polymers were photoluminescent both in chloroform and in solid. In chloroform, the emission peak appeared at about 420 nm with a high quantum yield of about 70%. The polymers were electrochemically active, and electrochemical data revealed that the oxazole unit behaved as a moderate electron-accepting unit.     

Separate codes on type-II hybrid ARQ systems

A hybrid automatic repeat request (ARQ) system (HARQ-II) with parity retransmission for error correction, which combines ARQ and forward error correction is discussed, and the successful application of these codes to HARG-II is illustrated. A method of constructing the codes whereby conventional BCH codes can be changed into separable codes is proposed. A scheme is presented that has the advantages that, the code lengths are always made equal and that even in parity retransmission new information symbols can be sent along with the necessary parity-check symbols. The performance of the proposed schemes on the binary symmetric channel is discussed. The numerical results show that they outperform conventional schemes     

Output Signal-to-Noise Ratios for an Amplitude-Modulated Noise Carrier in a Square-Law Detector

Signal-to-noise ratios (SNR's) at the output of the squarelaw detector are determined as the functions of modulation degree and bandwidth ratio of the modulating signal and the noise carrier, when the input is an amplitude-modulated noise carrier.     

Transmission Characteristics of an M-ary Coherent PSK Signal Via a Cascade of N Bandpass Hard Limiters

This paper provides a general analysis of the transmission characteristics of a coherent PSK signal, where anM-ary coherent signal is transmitted via a repeater system composed of a cascade ofNbandpass hard limiters. The probability density function of a composite phase of the signal and noise over the system is newly derived to obtain an error probability. In addition, the comparison with the repeater system composed of a cascade ofNlinear amplifiers is made to clarify the features of the transmission characteristics. It is found that the probability density function of the composite phase over the system is symmetric about each input carrier-to-noise power ratio (CNR), and it reduces to some well-known results. It is also shown that for a reasonably large input CNR in each stage, the presence of the bandpass hard limiter (BPHL) provides some improvement, but that for small input CNR it causes degradation in performance.     

In-cell maintenance by manipulator arm with 3D workspace information recreated by laser rangefinder

We developed a remote control system for maintenance of in-cell type fuel fabrication equipment. The system display recreated three-dimensional information of the workspace from data obtained by laser rangefinder and conventional cameras. It has allowed us to operate a manipulator arm remotely with several control modes. In order to evaluate the effectiveness and usefulness of developed system, we implemented remote handling experiments using mock up equipment. Performance was compared for remote operation conducted using several different display and operation modes. We confirmed that the system is able to maintain in-cell fuel fabrication equipment in each display and operation mode. Times required to complete the remote operations were collected and compared in each mode. It was observed that integration of 3D information from the laser rangefinder reduced operation time and reinforced visual information during remote operation.     

Frequency Conversion and Limiter Action for an Angle-Modulated Wave With Amplitude Fluctuation in a Half-Wave Linear Mixer

Signal interaction is analyzed when the composite signal of a simultaneously amplitude- and angle-modulated wave, a nonmodulated sinusoidal wave, and a noise is added to a half-wave linear mixer. If a certain mixing condition is satisfied, a half-wave linear mixer operates like an ideal bandpass limiter with frequency conversion function. The limiter action is also verified by experiment.     

Acid-base equilibria inside amine-functionalized mesoporous silica

Acid-base equilibria and effective proton concentration inside a silica mesopore modified with a trimethyl ammonium (TMAP) layer were studied by steady-state fluorescence experiments. The mesoporous silica with a dense TMAP layer (1.4 molecules/nm(2)) was prepared by a post grafting of N-trimethoxysilylpropyl-N,N,N-trimethylammonium at surfactant-templated mesoporous silica (diameter of silica framework =3.1 nm). The resulting TMAP-modified mesoporous silica strongly adsorbed of anionic fluorescence indicator dyes (8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonate (pyranine), 8-aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonate (APTS), 5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-21H,23H-porphinetetrasulfonic acid disulfuric acid (TPPS), 2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonate (2NT)) and fluorescence excitation spectra of these dyes within TMAP-modified mesoporous silica were measured by varying the solution pH. The fluorescence experiments revealed that the acid-base equilibrium reactions of all pH indicator dyes within the TMAP-modified silica mesopore were quite different from those in bulk water. From the analysis of the acid-base equilibrium of pyranine, the following relationships between solution pH (pH(bulk)) and the effective proton concentration inside the pore (pH(pore)) were obtained: (1) shift of pH(pore) was 1.8 (ΔpH(pore)=1.8) for the pH(bulk) change from 2.1 to 9.1 (ΔpH(bulk)=7.0); (2) pH(pore) was not simply proportional to pH(bulk); (3) the inside of the TMAP-modified silica mesopore was suggested to be in a weak acidic or neutral condition when pH(bulk) was changed from 2.0 to 9.1. Since these relationships between pH(bulk) and pH(pore) could explain the acid-base equilibria of other pH indicator dyes (APTS, TPPS, 2NT), these relationships were inferred to describe the effective proton concentration inside the TMAP-modified silica mesopore.     

Oxidation behavior of modified SUS316 (PNC316) stainless steel under low oxygen partial pressure

Oxidation behaviors of modified SUS316 (PNC316) and SUS316 stainless steels were investigated under the low oxygen partial pressure of 10⁻³¹−10⁻²² atm at 600-800 °C. Oxygen uptake by these materials parabolically increased with time, and the kinetic rate constants depended on both oxygen partial pressure and temperature. Thus, semi-empirical equations of the parabolic rate constants were obtained to be 2.70×10⁴exp(−109/RT)P_O2^0.279 for PNC316 and 9.23×10⁴exp(−98/RT)P_O2^0.313 for SUS316. For the duplex layer formed under the low oxygen partial pressure, the inner layer consisted of such oxides as Cr₂O₃ and FeCr₂O₄, while the outer layer consisted of non-oxidized α-Fe. Furthermore, oxidation along the grain boundaries was observed for samples oxidized for a long time. From the point of view of fuel cladding chemical interaction evaluation at high burn-up fuel for fast reactors, it is interesting that formation of non-oxidized α-Fe was observed under the low oxygen partial pressure.