l-Malate and sucrose content of golden delicious apples: A comparison between enzymatic analyses using whole apples and apple juice

Summary There was no significant difference ( = 5%) between results obtained forl-malate and sucrose content from 100 g of whole apples and 100 g of apple juice. Therefore, in large commercial trials, instead of using whole apples when analysing the content of these metabolites, an equivalent weight of juice could be used.

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Apfelsäure- und Zuckergehalt von Golden Delicious Äpfeln: ein Vergleich der enzymatischen Analysen bei unzerkleinerten Äpfeln und bei Apfelsaft

Zusammenfassung Die Analysen vonl-Apfelsäure oder Saccharose, durchgeführt mit 100 g intaktem Apfel und mit 100 g Apfelsaft lieferten keine wesentlich verschiedene Ergebnisse ( = 5%). Demzufolge können bei großen kommerziellen Versuchen intakte Äpfel durch ein äquivalentes Saftgewicht ersetzt werden.

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With technical assistance from Willem T. Spekking.     

Improvement in the Linearity of a LINC Transmitter using Genetic Algorithms

This paper proposes an automatically-adjusted linearization method based on the well-known linearization technique LINC (Linear amplification using Nonlinear Components) applied to the base station transmitter. A correction method of the gain and phase imbalances between both amplifying branches in a LINC transmitter is proposed to reduce the adjacent channel interference. A simple architecture is designed to compensate the unmatching between both branches being the adjusting coefficients calculated by means of a genetic algorithm. Several nonidealities are included in the analysis to deal with a realistic model, such as quadrature modulator imbalances, reconstruction filters and quantization error.     

GP challenge: evolving energy function for protein structure prediction

One of the key elements in protein structure prediction is the ability to distinguish between good and bad candidate structures. This distinction is made by estimation of the structure energy. The energy function used in the best state-of-the-art automatic predictors competing in the most recent CASP (Critical Assessment of Techniques for Protein Structure Prediction) experiment is defined as a weighted sum of a set of energy terms designed by experts. We hypothesised that combining these terms more freely will improve the prediction quality. To test this hypothesis, we designed a genetic programming algorithm to evolve the protein energy function. We compared the predictive power of the best evolved function and a linear combination of energy terms featuring weights optimised by the Nelder–Mead algorithm. The GP based optimisation outperformed the optimised linear function. We have made the data used in our experiments publicly available in order to encourage others to further investigate this challenging problem by using GP and other methods, and to attempt to improve on the results presented here.     

Differences inl -malate determined enzymatically or titrimetrically in golden delicious apples

Summary In apples,l-malate was significantly less when estimated by titration with NaOH than by spectrophotometry after enzymatic reduction of NAD⁺ with malate dehydrogenase. The second method would determinel-malate in the form of salts as well as free acid.

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Unterschiede iml-Äpfelsäuregehalt von Golden-Delicious-Äpfeln nach enzymatischer bzw. titrimetrischer Bestimmung

Zusammenfassung In Äpfel wurde signifikant wenigerl-Malat mittels einer Titration gegen NaOH nachgewiesen als spektrometrisch nach enzymatischer Reduktion van NAD⁺ mit Malat-Dehydrogenase. Die zweite Methode erfaßtl-Malat sowohl als Salz wie als freie Säure.

     

Differences inl-malate determined enzymatically or titrimetrically in golden delicious apples

European Food Research and Technology - In apples,l-malate was significantly less when estimated by titration with NaOH than by spectrophotometry after enzymatic reduction of NAD+ with malate...     

Crystalline Nanorods as Possible Templates for the Synthesis of Amorphous Biosilica during Spicule Formation in Demospongiae

In tandem : High‐resolution TEM shows that during the initial stages of demosponge spicule formation, a primordial crystalline structure is formed within the axial filament. The recently developed electron diffraction tomography technique (ADT) reveals that the nanorods have a layered structure that matches smectitic phyllosilicates. These intracellular nanorods have been considered as precursors of mature spicules.

     

液氨球罐应力腐蚀开裂的诊断

一台由日本工业标准JIS-SPV36钢制造、直径21.5m、容积5200m~3的大型液氨球罐,由于应力腐蚀开裂,其安全性受到严重威胁.本研究针对该球罐裂纹特征和腐蚀产物进行分析,并估算结构的可靠度;在大量现场实测和试件试验数据统计分析的基础上,提出了防止产生应力腐蚀裂纹的诊断方法,并已于1986年12月该球罐年度大修时实施.