Betriebsvereinbarung contra BDSG?

Ob Betriebsvereinbarungen im Sinne des § 4 Abs. 1 BDSG eine „andere Rechtsvorschrift” sind und damit die Regelungen des BDSG einschr?nken dürfen, geh?rt zu den Standardfragen des praktischen Arbeitnehmerdatenschutzes. Die Autoren befürworten eine weite betriebliche Regelungskompetenz, beschr?nken diese aber zum Schutz der Arbeitnehmer durch eine Reihe datenschutzrechtlicher Mindestanforderungen, die Betriebsvereinbarungen einzuhalten haben.     

An Extended Replication of an Experiment for Assessing Methods for Software Requirements Inspections

We have performed an extended replication of the Porter-Votta-Basili experiment comparing the Scenario method and the Checklist method for inspecting requirements specifications using identical instruments. The experiment has been conducted in our educational context represented by a more general definition of a defect compared to the original defect list. Our study involving 24 undergraduate students manipulated three independent variables: detection method, requirements specification, and the order of the inspections. The dependent variable measured is the defect detection rate. We found the requirements specification inspected and not the detection method to be the most probable explanation for the variance in defect detection rate. This suggests that it is important to gather knowledge of how a requirements specification can convey an understandable view of the product and to adapt inspection methods accordingly. Contrary to the original experiment, we can not significantly support the superiority of the Scenario method. This is in accordance with a replication conducted by Fusaro, Lanubile and Visaggio, and might be explained by the lack of individual defect detection skill of our less experienced subjects.     

A note on the min-max formulation of stiffness optimization including non-zero prescribed displacements

The present theoretical note shows how a natural objective function in stiffness optimization, including both prescribed forces and non-zero prescribed displacements, is the equilibrium potential energy. It also shows how the resulting problem has a saddle point character that may be utilized when calculating sensitivities.     

Crowdsourcing as a service – from pilot projects to sustainable innovation routines

While crowdsourcing may strengthen a company's innovation performance, it is only rarely embedded in organizations as an innovation practice. Our action research shows that organizations often struggle with crowdsourcing projects as they represent a different form of innovation projects and require additional capabilities and skills e.g., to frame a crowd challenge, deal with IP rights, manage the crowd, or integrate the vast input into innovation projects. To overcome these problems, organizations have to invest in project-led learning to establish easy-to-use templates and routines e.g., to handle offered incentives or the applied winner selection processes. They further need to enable business-led learning as the established innovation structures, processes, and management practices do not cope with crowdsourcing projects and present some rigidities causing high coordination efforts. Organizations that are willing to run a number of consecutive crowdsourcing projects may rapidly improve their capabilities and even come up with scalable crowdsourcing services. Our findings further suggest that crowdsourcing, digital platforms, artificial intelligence, and as-a-service approaches may also add to general project capability building.     

Untersuchungen zur Iodierung von 4-Amino-2,6-dimethyl-pyrimidinen – eine Möglichkeit zur regiospezifischen Funktionalisierung

Studies on the Iodination of 4-Amino-2,6-dimethylpyrimidine — A Possibility of the Regiospecific Functionalization The iodination of 4-amino-2,6-dimethyl-pyrimidine 1a with I₂/H₂SO₄/H₂O/H₂O₂ does not give, as supposed hitherto, the 5-iodo derivative ( 2 ) but affords the corresponding 2-iodomethyl derivative 3a . The reaction pathway of the iodination is discussed. The reaction of 3a with nucleophiles leads to a variety of side chain-substituted pyrimidines 5a – j .     

Preparation of 4-(2-Aryl-2-oxo-ethylidene)-5,7-dinitrobenzofurazan derivatives

Upon treatment with KF in acetonitrile the zwitterionic Meisenheimer complexes 3 undergo β-elimination leading to potassium 7-(2-aryl-2-oxo-ethylidene)-4,6-dinitro-7,x-dihydrobenzofurazanide 1-oxides 4 in 72–87% yield. Compounds 4 give 7-(2-aryl-2-oxo-ethyl)-4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxans 6 when treated with hydrochloric acid. 4-(2-Aryl-1-dimethylsulfonio-2-oxo-ethylidene)-5,7-dinitro-4,x-dihydrobenzofurazanides 5 are obtained by reaction of 3 with sodium methoxide. The structure of 5e is confirmed by X-ray structure analysis. The reaction of complexes 8 with acetic acid/potassium acetate at 80°C affords 4-(2-aryl-2-oxo-1-pyridinio-ethylidene)-5,7-dinitro-4,x-dihydrobenzofurazanides 9 in moderate yields.     

Studies on the O/C-Arylation of Cyclic β-Diketones with activated aryl fluorides

The reaction of nitrosubstituted aryl fluorides 1 with cyclic β-diketones 2 proceeds at 20–80°C in the presence of bases, such as KOH, KF or NaOEt, leading to the aryl ethers 3a – m . Depending on the base the reaction of dimedone 2a or 1,3-cyclohexanedione 2b with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene 1a or 4-fluoro-3-nitrobenzonitrile 1b furnishes C- and/or O-arylated products. Upon heating of 3g , e and 3m at 40–100°C in DMF/K₂CO₃, the C-arylated ketones 4a – c are formed in good yields. Starting from 3a we obtained the chromenedione 5 under the same conditions.     

An improved and efficient Synthesis of Quinoxalinecarboxamide 1,4-Dioxides from benzofuroxan and acetoacetamides in the presence of calcium salts

An improved and efficient method for the preparation of the title compounds 3 is described. Thus, quinoxalinecarboxamide 1,4-dioxides 3 are synthesized in high yields by reaction of benzofuroxan 1 with acetoacetamides 2 in the presence of catalytic amounts of calcium salts and ethanolamine. The reaction is assumed to involve a chelate mechanism with 4 as intermediate. Side reactions are studied by means of HPLC and TLC.