A Dynamic Hybrid Decoder Apprroach Using EG-LDPC Codes for Signal Processing Applications

The Low-Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes of Euclidean Geometry (EG) are encrypted and decrypted in numerous ways, namely Soft Bit Flipping (SBF), Sequential Peeling Decoder (SPD), Belief Propagation Decoder (BPD), Majority Logic Decoder/Detector (MLDD), and Parallel Peeling Decoder (PPD) decoding algorithms. These algorithms provide aextensive range of trade-offs between latency decoding, power consumption, hardware complexity-required resources, and error rate performance. Therefore, the problem is to communicate a sophisticated technique specifying the both soft and burst errors for effective information transmission. In this research, projected a technique named as Hybrid SBF (HSBF) decoder for EG-LDPC codes, which reduces the decoding complexity and maximizes the signal transmission and reception. In this paper, HSBF is also known as Self Reliability based Weighted Soft Bit Flipping (SRWSBF) Decoder. It is obvious from the outcomes that the proposed technique is better than the decoding algorithms SBF, MLDD, BPD, SPD and PPD. Using Xilinx synthesis and SPARTAN 3e, a simulation model is designed to investigate latency, hardware utilization and power consumption. Average latency of 16.65 percent is found to be reduced. It is observed that in considered synthesis parameters such as number of 4-input LUTs, number of slices, and number of bonded IOBs, excluding number of slice Flip-Flops, hardware utilization is minimized to an average of 4.25 percent. The number of slices Flip-Flops resource use in the proposed HSBF decoding algorithm is slightly higher than other decoding algorithms, i.e. 1.85%. It is noted that, over the decoding algorithms considered in this study, the proposed research study minimizes power consumption by an average of 41.68%. These algorithms are used in multimedia applications, processing systems for security and information.

     

Fundamental Clock of Biological Aging: Convergence of Molecular,Neurodegenerative, Cognitive and Psychiatric Pathways: Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics Meet Psychology

In humans, age-associated degrading changes, widely observed in molecular and cellular processes underly the time-dependent decline in spatial navigation, time perception, cognitive and psychological abilities, and memory. Cross-talk of biological, cognitive, and psychological clocks provides an integrative contribution to healthy and advanced aging. At the molecular level, genome, proteome, and lipidome instability are widely recognized as the primary causal factors in aging. We narrow attention to the roles of protein aging linked to prevalent amino acids chirality, enzymatic and spontaneous (non-enzymatic) post-translational modifications (PTMs ^SP), and non-equilibrium phase transitions. The homochirality of protein synthesis, resulting in the steady-state non-equilibrium condition of protein structure, makes them prone to multiple types of enzymatic and spontaneous PTMs, including racemization and isomerization. Spontaneous racemization leads to the loss of the balanced prevalent chirality. Advanced biological aging related to irreversible PTMs ^SP has been associated with the nontrivial interplay between somatic (molecular aging) and mental (psychological aging) health conditions. Through stress response systems (SRS), the environmental and psychological stressors contribute to the age-associated “collapse” of protein homochirality. The role of prevalent protein chirality and entropy of protein folding in biological aging is mainly overlooked. In a more generalized context, the time-dependent shift from enzymatic to the non-enzymatic transformation of biochirality might represent an important and yet underappreciated hallmark of aging. We provide the experimental arguments in support of the racemization theory of aging.     

Standardization of investment casting process using modified binder hydrolysis

A full factorial 2³ matrix was designed to study the bending strength, permeability and hoop-stress of investment moulds. A novel method of ethyl-silicate hydrolysis; two-step hydrolysis, was used. The results indicate that the bending strength is directly proportional to the quantity of filler material in the slurry. Grain size of stucco material appears to exert the least effect on bending and hoop strength, whereas permeability increases slightly when coarser grain is used.     

Dufour and Soret influence on MHD boundary layer flow of a Maxwell fluid over a stretching sheet with nanoparticles

An analysis has been carried out to examine the heat and mass transfer properties of a two-dimensional incompressible electrically conducting Maxwell fluid over a stretching sheet in the existence of Soret, Dufour, and nanoparticles. In many practical scenarios, such as the polymer extrusion process, the problem presented here is crucial. The flow is examined in terms of the impacts of magnetohydrodynamics and elasticity. Brownian motion and thermophoresis are incorporated into the transport equations. Using adequate similarity variables, the governing partial differential equations and related boundary conditions are non-dimensionalized. The fourth–fifth-order Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg procedure is utilized to solve the consequent transformed ordinary differential equations. The effects of various embedded thermo-physical parameters on the fluid velocity, temperature, concentration, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number have been determined and discussed quantitatively. A comparison of a special case of our results with the one previously reported in the literature shows a very good agreement. An increase in the values of Du and Sr leads to an increase in the temperature and concentration distribution. Nusselt number estimates decrease as Nb estimations increase. Furthermore, this study leads to the study of different flows of electrically conducting fluid over a stretching sheet problem that includes the two-dimensional nonlinear boundary equations.     

Reaction kinetic studies of metal-doped magnesium silicides

Metal-doped magnesium silicides are promising thermoelectric materials for waste heat recovery application at 500–800 K because of their low density, large natural availability, non-toxicity, good thermal stability, and transport properties. Reaction kinetics of metal-doped magnesium silicides, Mg₂SiX _m (X = Ti, Nb, Mn, and Co; m = 0.02, 0.04, and 0.08 mol) were investigated in this study. A simple and rapid synthesis of Mg₂SiX _m samples was carried out using pelletizing, and sintering method at 773–823 K for 300 s. The effect of metal doping on the lattice constants of Mg₂SiX _m samples was examined using X-ray diffraction technique. Differential thermal analysis heat flow experiments were conducted on (2Mg + Si + mX) sample mixtures to study the solid-state reaction kinetics of Mg₂SiX _m alloys formation at different scan rates of 0.08, 0.16, 0.25, 0.33 Ks^?1. Activation energies for the formation reaction of Mg₂Si were determined using Ozawa, and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunrose equations. A 3-D diffusion-controlled reaction mechanism was proposed based on Coats–Redfern (CR) model. The effect of concentration of the metal-dopants on the formation activation energies of Mg₂SiX _m was investigated using the CR equation plots.     

Characterization of Ni-Coated WS2 Nanotubes for Hydrodesulfurization Catalysis

A reactivity screening of new nano-hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalysts was conducted using an ambient pressure flow reactor as well as ultra-high vacuum kinetics techniques. Thiophene was used as a probe molecule. Clean multiwall WS₂ nanotubes (INT-WS₂) as well as Ni- and Co-coated INT-WS₂ were considered. In addition, undoped MoS₂ and Re-doped nanoparticles with fullerene-like structures were studied. Commercial Ni and Co HDS catalysts from Haldor Topsoe (Denmark) as well as “nano MoS₂” from Impex Corp. (USA) were considered as reference materials. The lab-synthesized and commercial systems broke down thiophene into quite similar non-sulfur containing products, as identified by a gas chromatograph. The Ni and Co promoted catalysts showed similar thiophene conversion rates. Although the commercial catalysts had larger thiophene conversion rates than the laboratory-synthesized systems, the Re-doped nano-HDS catalyst showed quite low rates of formation of H₂S, an undesirable by-product.     

Comprehensive Analysis and Design of Capacitive RF MEMS Switches for Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna

Wireless Personal Communications - This paper presents design of a reconfigurable micro strip patch antenna by using RF MEMS. Primarily we have analyzed the performance of different shunt...     

Synthesis and characterization of WS2 nanotube supported cobalt catalyst for hydrodesulfurization

WS₂ nanostructures hold structural characteristics which suggest they will be suitable for heterogeneous catalysis in the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) process. In this work, WS₂ nanotubes (INT-WS₂) were coated with cobalt nanoparticles using electroless plating method. Prior to cobalt deposition, the nanotubes surface was activated using palladium seeding process. The deposited cobalt nanoparticles had hcp crystal structure and formed non-uniform layer on the nanotubes surface. The catalytic reactivity of the produced cobalt coated nanotubes toward thiophene decomposition was characterized by an atmospheric flow reactor. The coated nanotubes revealed good catalytic reactivity toward thiophene mineralization. Further, the adsorption kinetics of thiophene on coated INT-WS₂ was studied by thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS). The cobalt coated system was found to be more catalytically active than the pristine INT-WS₂ system. This result is promising since further optimization of the nanofabrication process of the catalyst should increase the conversion rates even further.     

Integrated Approach for Identifying Suitable Sites for Rainwater Harvesting Structures for Groundwater Augmentation in Basaltic Terrain

Integrated hydrological, geophysical and groundwater modeling studies has been carried out for identification of suitable sites for rainwater harvesting structures for groundwater augmentation in RRCAT Campus, Indore, M.P. Based on these studies ten check dams, two contour bunds and one earthen bund were recommended on the existing stream channels and in valley fills respectively. Likely water impoundment on these structures was calculated keeping in view the length and width of stream channels. Based on these study a groundwater flow model using MODFLOW were carried out keeping in view the geologic and hydrologic conditions of the area. The net rechargeable impounded rain water from these structures to groundwater regime was calculated for monsoon seasons which varied from 20 % to 48 % and net enhancement of groundwater recharge from all structures would be around 0.11 mcm/year and the water level in the existing well would rise by 2–3 m above its present level for future Groundwater augmentation.