PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION ON THE EFFECT OF FOAM STABILIZERS ON THE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND RECONSTITUTION PROPERTIES OF FOAM-MAT DRIED SOYMILK

Soymilk, a colloidal dispersion obtained by wet milling of soya bean (Glycine max (L) Merill), was subjected to the foam-mat drying process at 65°C using two foam stabilizers namely, carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) and glyceryl distearate (GDS) at 5, 10 and 15% levels. While CMC did not produce a stable foam at any of the levels used, it was however, found that a minimum of 10% GDS was required to produce a stable foam. The physical characteristics and reconstitution properties of 10% GDS foamed soymilk powder and 15% GDS foamed soymilk powder were found to be similar but better than those of unfoamed soymilk powder and inferior to those of a spray dried powder sample.     

Hydrotope-Based Protocol to Determine Average Soil Moisture Over Large Areas for Satellite Calibration and Validation With Results From an Observation Campaign in the Volta Basin, West Africa

In West Africa, which is an extremely moisture-limited region, soil water information plays a vital role in hydrologic and meteorologic modeling for improved water resource planning and food security. Recent and upcoming satellite missions, such as SMOS and MetOp, hold promise for the regional observation of soil moisture. The resolution of the satellites is relatively coarse (>100 km²), which brings with it the need for large-scale soil moisture information for calibration and validation purposes. We put forward a soil moisture sampling protocol based on hydrotopes. Hydrotopes are defined as landscape units that show internally consistent hydrologic behavior. This hydrotope analysis helps in the following ways: 1) by ensuring statistically reliable validation via the reduction of the overall pixel variance and 2) by improving sampling schemes for ground truthing by reducing the chance of sampling bias. As a sample application, we present data from three locations with different moisture regimes within the Volta Basin during both dry and wet periods. Results show that different levels of reduction in the overall pixel variance of soil moisture are obtained, depending on the general moisture status. With respect to the distinction between the different hydrotope units, it is shown that under intermediate moisture conditions, the distinction between the different hydrotope units is highest, whereas extremely dry or wet conditions tend to have a homogenizing effect on the spatial soil moisture distribution. This paper confirms that well-defined hydrotope units yield an improvement at pixel-scale soil moisture averages that can easily be applied.     

The Topp–Leone Lomax (TLLo) Distribution with Applications to Airbone Communication Transceiver Dataset

Wireless Personal Communications - The Lomax distribution was extended in this paper using the Topp–Leone family of distributions. Some of its specific structural properties were established...     

Fast and Optimal Path Planning Algorithm (FAOPPA) for a Mobile Robot

Wireless Personal Communications - The compressive sensing method presents itself as a promising technique in many fields specially for the Internet of Things and Wireless sensor networks...     

PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION ON THE EFFECT OF FOAM STABILIZERS ON THE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND RECONSTITUTION PROPERTIES OF FOAM-MAT DRIED SOYMILK

Soymilk, a colloidal dispersion obtained by wet milling of soya bean (Glycine max (L) Merill), was subjected to the foam-mat drying process at 65°C using two foam stabilizers namely, carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) and glyceryl distearate (GDS) at 5, 10 and 15% levels. While CMC did not produce a stable foam at any of the levels used, it was however, found that a minimum of 10% GDS was required to produce a stable foam. The physical characteristics and reconstitution properties of 10% GDS foamed soymilk powder and 15% GDS foamed soymilk powder were found to be similar but better than those of unfoamed soymilk powder and inferior to those of a spray dried powder sample.     

A New Priority Rule for Solving Project Scheduling Problems

Wireless Personal Communications - Priority rule-based scheduling technique is a scheduling method for constructing minimum feasible schedules when solving project scheduling problems. This...