Reversal of pretreatment hypotension and control of hemorrhage in trauma patients by a simple device

The injection of a suspension of Walker 256 carcinoma cells into the carotid artery of rats produced a model of hematogenously spread cerebral metastases. Most animals died from massive extracerebral tumors of the head and jaw; brain tumors were present in only one-quarter. External carotid artery ligation prior to tumor inoculation did not increase the incidence of fatal brain tumor. When cyclophosphamide, 15 mg/kg, was injected as a single dose on the fourteenth day after tumor inoculation, most of the extracerebral tumor disappeared. Fifty percent of the animals so treated were cured of tumor, but 90% of the remainder died of large intracerebral tumors. Severe cytopathic changes resulting from cyclophosphamide were present in extracerebral or choroid plexus tumors but were mild or nonexistent in intracerebral tumors. These selective effects of cyclophosphamide suggest that water-soluble agents are less effective against tumor in the brain than against extracerebral tumors despite the fact that metastatic tumor breaks down the blood-brain barrier.     

Cell-cell interactions influence oligosaccharide modifications on mucins and other large glycoproteins

OBJECTIVE: To investigate human endometrial interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression and effects thereon by IL-1 beta. DESIGN: Prospective. SETTING: Academic medical center. PATIENT(S): Endometrial biopsy specimens from normal volunteers (n = 20) at four specific menstrual stages were used for in vivo study. Endometrial specimens for in vitro study were obtained from patients (n = 19) undergoing gynecologic surgery. INTERVENTION(S): Time and dose-response treatment of endometria with IL-1 beta in tissue culture. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): In vivo IL-6 messenger RNA expression by Northern analysis and in vitro endometrial IL-6 protein production by assay of the conditioned media. RESULT(S): Midsecretory and late secretory phase endometria expressed more IL-6 messenger RNA than late proliferative phase endometria in vivo. Similarly in vitro, in pg/mg endometrium per hour secretory endometria IL-6 protein production, 25.7 +/- 7.1 (mean +/- SEM), exceeded that of proliferative endometria, 4.7 +/- 1.0. With IL-1 beta treatment, secretory endometria IL-6 protein production exceeded that of proliferative endometria. Interleukin-1 beta stimulated endometrial IL-6 protein production in time- and dose-dependent manners. CONCLUSION(S): Human endometrial IL-6 expression varies with the menstrual cycle, occurs more highly in secretory endometria, and in vitro is stimulated by interleukin-1 beta. Human endometrial IL-6 may therefore mediate some actions of IL-1 beta involving the endometrium and trophoblast.     

Joint source/channel coding using arithmetic codes

Reserving space fur a symbol that is not in the source alphabet has been shown to provide excellent error detection. In this paper, we show how to exploit this capability using two sequential decoder structures to provide powerful error correction capability. This joint source/channel coder design provides significant packet loss recovery with minimal rate overhead, and compares favorably with conventional schemes     

Stabilizers for peroxydicarbonate initiator solutions

Liquid dialkyl peroxydicarbonates are used as initiators in the PVC industry. Because of the thermal reactivity of these initiators, they require very low temperature storage, shipment, and handling. At temperatures above 10°C, most undergo autoaccelerated self-induced decomposition. In other words, their self-accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT) is exceeded. New additives have been discovered which increase the SADT of the initiators. These additives effectively stabilize the products, making them safer to handle, store, and ship. The proprietary additives and a mechanism of stabilization are discussed. We also include a section concerning the implications these products have for future initiator formulation.     

Conditioned social aversion in the male Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus).

Adult male Mongolian gerbils formed conditioned social aversions to young male conspecifics. The basic paradigm consisted of pairing an S with a young animal (test stimulus) for 5 min and then injecting the S with LiCl to produce gastrointestinal distress. When retested 48 hrs later, the S avoided the test stimulus, as indicated by significantly decreased investigation time and approach frequency. Through a series of 5 experiments with 290 Ss on dose level, delay of toxin injection, and stimulus generalization, it was demonstrated that a dose of .03 ml/g of .15 M LiCl was effective, the toxin should be given within 15 min of the preliminary social pairing, the social aversion was specific to the particular first paired stimulus animal, and isolation between test sessions was necessary for an aversion to develop. This paradigm extends knowledge of the learned aversion process and demonstrates that this type of learning can be generalized to a social situation by gerbils. (36 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reaction of male Mongolian gerbils to odors in a social situation.

Examined the possibility that odor from substances rubbed on the back of young stimulus animals will influence the social behavior of male gerbils. 30 adult Ss were tested for 4 5-min sessions with young male conspecifics that had water, perfume, urine, or ventral gland sebum rubbed on their back. Ss showed significantly longer investigation duration and higher approach frequencies toward Ss treated with urine or sebum. Results demonstrate that gerbils are attracted to relevant odors in a social situation. (18 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Characterization of physical-chemical drivers of Hg1−xGdxTe etch rate using time of flight—Secondary ion mass spectrometry and optical interferometry

Time of flight-secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) is a Hg_1−xCd_xTe surface diagnostic tool with unprecedented analysis capabilities, including analyzing a 0.5-μm diameter spot, high mass resolution, elemental and molecular composition scrutiny, applicability to insulators, and surface film sensitivity in the part per million range. The present investigation demonstrates the power of TOF-SIMS when coupled with optical interferometry in understanding process reproducibility and uniformity critical to the fabrication of Hg_1−xCd_xTe detector arrays at RVS. Previous published works and unpublished studies at RVS have shown that geometry and fluid dynamics influence the lateral uniformity of surface chemistry, topography, and etch rates. By combining a set of photolithographically delineated features having various relative areas of photoresist-coated and uncoated regions in varying proximity to each other with various wet etching chemistries, we have exploited TOF-SIMS interrogation along with optical interferometry to investigate physical-chemical drivers of etch rate variation with window geometry orientation with respect to vertical gravity etchant fluid draining direction and proximity to other structures. This study has given us the ability to deconvolve two important etch rate drivers (depletion of etchant species and cross-contamination of etched windows) and elucidate their roles in enhancing and diminishing etch rates for features having far and close proximities to neighboring structures, respectively. This information allows a more judicious optimization of processing technology.     

Properties of condensed bacteriophage T4 DNA isolated from Escherichia coli infected with bacteriophage T4

Methods developed for isolating bacterial nucleoids were applied to bacteria infected with phage T4. The replicating pool of T4 DNA was isolated as a particle composed of condensed T4 DNA and certain RNA and protein components of the cell. The particles have a narrow sedimentation profile (weight-average s=2,500S) and have, on average, a T4 DNA content similar to that of the infected cell. Their dimensions observed via electron and fluorescence microscopy are similar to the dimensions of the intracellular DNA pool. The DNA packaging density is less than that of the isolated bacterial nucleoid but appears to be roughly similar to its state in vivo. Host-cell proteins and T4-specific proteins bound to the DNA were characterized by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels. The major host proteins are the RNA polymerase subunits and two envelope proteins (molecular weights, 36,000 and 31,000). Other major proteins of the host cell were absent or barely detectable. Single-strand breaks can be introduced into the DNA with gamma radiation or DNase without affecting its sedimentation rate. This and other studies of the effects of intercalated ethidium molecules have suggested that the average superhelical density of the condensed DNA is small. However, these studies also indicated that there may be a few domains in the DNA that become positively supercoiled in the presence of high concentrations of ethidium bromide. In contrast to the Escherichia coli nucleoid, the T4 DNA structure remains condensed after the RNA and protein components have been removed (although there may be slight relaxation in the state of condensation under these conditions).     

Assessment of Tight Pixel Geometry Influence on Surface Chemistry of Hg1? X Cd X Te Focal Plane Array by Time of Flight–Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy: Novel Analytical Methods

Factors such as lateral control of surface chemistry, reproducible etch depths and widths, and elimination of cross-contamination are vital to achieving world-class Hg_1-X Cd _X Te focal plane infrared detector arrays. Raytheon Vision Systems (RVS) has made significant progress toward a greater understanding of these factors. The current investigation applies time of flight–secondary ion mass spectroscopy (TOF-SIMS) to assess the manner in which Hg_1-X Cd _X Te surface chemistry is influenced by three different critical physical-chemical factors: (1) process chemistry, including baseline and four alternatives; (2) patterned photoresist format; and (3) etch geometry, including aspect ratio, trench depth, trench width, and unit cell spacing. The first of two patterned photoresist formats consisted of an array having 15-μm unit cells with 5-μm-wide and either 3.5-μm- or 6-μm-deep trenches. The second format consisted of a special diagnostic array of parallel dry-etched stripes having various permutations of trench depths (6 μm and 10 μm), trench widths (3 μm and 5 μm), and trench-to-trench separations (3 μm, 5 μm, and 20 μm). The surface chemistry results relative to etch-depth/width ratios, exposed Hg_1−X Cd _X Te area (etch widths), and trench separation distances show that these parameters have a measurable influence on cross-contaminant abundance and type and on the relative ranking of the process cleaning efficacies. Novel analytical methods for using TOF-SIMS data to qualitatively assess cleaning efficacy, geometry-dependent surface species distributions, the polar/hydrophilic and nonpolar/hydrophobic nature of the processed surface, and the dependence of cleaning efficacy on surface chemistry are also discussed. These methods are intended for use in a variety of studies.