Measurement of the mixing quality in premix combustors

The problem of mixing fuel and air is the essential point of low emission combustion in gas turbines. In premixed combustors and fuel staged combustors the quality of the fuel–air mixture is the determinant parameter for the amount of emissions of nitric oxides (NO_x). The nearly perfect preparation of the fuel–air mixture is also a condition for trouble-free operation in catalytical combustion. Prevaporization of liquid fuels hampers the process of mixing. So the investigative work at the Department of Steam and Gas Turbines at the University of Bochum concentrated on experiments with liquid fuels. The results show that there is a great potential of reducing NO_x emission even with liquid fuels and reveal the key role of prevaporization and mixing. The experiments were carried out at a premix combustion test rig at moderate pressure. By using the technique of planar-laser induced fluorescence (LIF), highly time and spatially resolved measurements of fuel concentrations were yielded from the experiments. The optical measurements showed the structure of the mixture field of fuel and air in the zone downstream of the flameholder. The pollutant emissions were simultaneously monitored with conventional gas analysers. As the main result, the strong dependence of the pollutant emissions on the mixture could be clearly revealed. On one hand the homogeneity over the cross-section of the combustor was the main condition for low emission combustion. On the other hand the time-resolved two-dimensional LIF images of the turbulent mixture field showed that the instationary distribution also had a considerable influence on the rate of emissions. Even the mixture of static mixers contained spatial and temporal inhomogeneities, which could be observed by using the LIF-technique but not with conventional methods.     

A format for Individual Psychotherapy Session Notes.

Describes a format for individual case notes, termed the Individual Psychotherapy Session Note (IPSN) form, which is designed to focus the clinician's attention on certain relevant aspects of the psychotherapy process and to facilitate the formulation of inferences and hypotheses on the basis of clinical data. It also encourages the therapist to examine his/her own behavior in sessions as well as to observe the therapist–client interaction. The form is designed to be used flexibly, in accordance with the practitioner's needs at different points during therapy. The implications of the IPSN form for training and supervision are also discussed. (2 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A large area liquid scintillation multiphoton detector

A 60 layer lead-liquid scintillator shower detector, which we call the SLIC, has been used for multiphoton detection in the Fermilab tagged photon spectrometer. The detector has an unimpeded active area which is 2.44 m by 4.88 m and is segmented, by means of teflon coated channels, into 3.17 cm wide strips. The 60 layers in depth are broken into three directions of alternating readouts so that three position coordinates are determined for each shower. At present the readouts are made by 334 photomultiplier tubes coupled to BBQ doped wavelength shifter bars which integrate the entire depth of the detector. It is relatively straightforward to increase the number of readouts to include longitudinal segmentation and to increase the segmentation of the outer region which are at present read out two strips to a readout. The energy and position resolutions of isolated showers are about and 3 mm., respectively. The SLIC has been used to study the K⁻π⁺π⁰ decay of the D⁰ [1], as well as for electron and muon identification in ψ → e⁺e⁻ and ψ → μ⁺μ⁻ plus π⁰ identification in γp → ψχ [8].     

Modeling substrate effects in the design of high-speed Si-bipolarICs

In the design of high-speed IC's, the influence of the substrate on circuit performance must be considered carefully. Therefore, in this paper the contribution of the p^- substrate and channel stopper to the equivalent circuits of Si-bipolar transistors and bond pads are theoretically and experimentally investigated up to very high frequencies. Improved equivalent substrate circuits, well suited for standard circuit simulators (e,g., SPICE), are derived and checked by numerical simulation using a new simulator (called SUSI). The validity of both the numerical simulation results and the equivalent circuits are verified by on-wafer measurements up to 20 GHz. Finally, the simulator was successfully applied to investigate noise coupling via the substrate     

Thermal imaging of smart power DMOS transistors in the thermally unstable regime using a compact transient interferometric mapping system

Smart power DMOSes are analyzed under thermally unstable conditions up to the destruction level using a new compact version of the transient interferometric mapping (TIM) method. High accuracy phase measurements are achieved employing superluminescent diodes and focal plane array cameras. Two-dimensional thermal mapping at two time instants during a single stress pulse is performed in the range of 100 μs to few milliseconds. The size of the region where the parasitic bipolar transistor becomes thermally activated at the onset of thermal runaway is determined. The results are correlated to conventional failure analysis.     

Confronting professional impairment during the internship: Identification, due process, and remediation.

Although increasing efforts have been made in recent years to address impairment in practicing psychologists, little regarding how to deal with impairment early in the professional career has been reported. The predoctoral internship is a pivotal training experience, which makes it a critical stage at which to assess and deal with impairment. We identify criteria of impairment, suggest components to be included in any evaluation model, identify guidelines and procedures for ensuring due process, and recommend strategies for prevention and remediation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Modeling and measurement of substrate coupling in Si-bipolar IC'sup to 40 GHz

Parasitic substrate coupling can severely degrade the performance of high-speed ICs and must be considered carefully in circuit design. Therefore, this paper proposes several equivalent circuits that are well suited for modeling substrate coupling up to very high frequencies with standard circuit simulators such as SPICE. Their element values can be calculated for arbitrary layout configurations from numerical simulations (using our SUbstrate SImulator SUSI), which are based on experimentally determined, specific technological/electrical data. The validity of both the simulator and the equivalent circuits has been verified by on-wafer measurements up to 40 GHz, the highest frequency reported so far for modeling of substrate coupling. For this, special test structures were designed and fabricated in an advanced Si-bipolar technology. This work is focused on substrate modeling in very-high-speed rather than in complex ICs     

A model for individualizing interventions for alcohol abuse/dependence using basic personality dimensions.

Presents the personal styles model for individualizing interventions for persons with problems of alcohol abuse/dependence. Four distinctly different types of personality are identified, and their adaptive, maladaptive, and alcohol-related behaviors are discussed. The 4 types are the stability-oriented extravert, the change-oriented extravert, the stability-oriented introvert, and the change-oriented introvert. Relationships between maladaptive behaviors of these 4 types and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-III-Revised (DSM-III-R) personality disorders are noted. Differential treatment strategies are proposed and described for each type. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)