Efficient Route Selection Scheme in MANET Using Enhanced AODV Protocol

Mobile Ad Hoc network comprises of mobile nodes communicating over wireless medium. Due to ease of communication and flexibility, MANET has become an active area of research in wireless communication. However, issues such as limited battery capacity, dynamic topology and node mobility cause frequent link breakage due to which reroute discovery process is required to be initiated resulting in increase in latency and routing overheads. Many research works have been carried out for improvement of an existing routing scheme, however they do not scale-up well to provide stable and energy efficient route. This paper introduces a novel routing algorithm ENH-AODV (Enhanced AODV) that focuses on selection of an efficient route on the basis of quality of both links and nodes impending during route discovery process. In addition, each node maintains a list, consisting of details of nearby nodes with good energy level through hello mechanism. Simulation is carried out over network simulator and results prove that the proposed scheme is more effective and advantageous than AODV in terms of normalized routing load, end to end delay, packet delivery ratio and throughput.

     

Hypergeometrically Represented Responsive and Reliable Cloud Service Model for Personal and Private Clouds

Wireless Personal Communications - Last two decades have witnessed a tremendous evolution and growth of cloud computing paradigm and reliability estimation techniques. In spite of recent...     

Absorption of carbon monoxide with reversible reaction in cualcl4-toluene-complex solutions

The absorption of CO in CuAlCl₄-toluene-complex solutions was studied in a stirred reactor. The reaction was found to occur in a fast reaction regime. The effect of CO partial pressure, CuAlCl₄-toluene-complex concentration and temperature on the rate of absorption was studied. The results have been interpreted using a theoretical model for mass transfer with reversible chemical reaction and the rate parameters were determined. The equilibrium constants were also determined experimentally. An interesting observation showing a decrease in the rate with an increase in temperature was made for this system. This is explained on the basis of a higher activation energy for the reverse reaction. The activation energies evaluated for the forward and reverse reactions are 32.93 and 97.42 kJ/mol, respectively.     

Variable predictive models—A new multivariate classification approach for pattern recognition applications

Many pattern recognition algorithms applied in literature exhibit data specific performances and are also computationally intense and complex. The data classification problem poses further challenges when different classes cannot be distinguished just based on decision boundaries or conditional discriminating rules. As an alternate to existing methods, inter-relations among the feature vectors can be exploited for distinguishing samples into specific classes. Based on this idea, variable predictive model based class discrimination (VPMCD) method is proposed as a new and alternative classification approach. Analysis is carried out using seven well studied data sets and the performance of VPMCD is benchmarked against well established linear and non-linear classifiers like LDA, kNN, Bayesian networks, CART, ANN and SVM. It is demonstrated that VPMCD is an efficient supervised learning algorithm showing consistent and good performance over these data sets. The new VPMCD method has the potential to be effectively and successfully extended to many pattern recognition applications of recent interest.     

Systematic development and optimization of spray-dried Quercetin-HP-β-cyclodextrin microparticles for DPI-based therapy of lung cancer

Journal of Materials Science - Despite the strong anticancer activity, Quercetin (QC) has low aqueous solubility, resulting in poor bioavailability which restricts its pharmacological activity. To...     

Influence of viscosity on product distribution of fast competitive chemical reactions

The objective of this study was to determine the influence of viscosity on micromixing in turbulent flow. It was first necessary to find a suitable viscosity-raising additive. HEC (hydroxyethyl cellulose) proved to be better than previously studied additives [sorbitol and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)]. In concentrations up to 1 wt-%, HEC solutions are almost Newtonian with viscosities independent of pH over the range 2 to 10. HEC had no effect on the reaction rate constants and the spectrophotometric analysis of the fast, competing reactions used – the diazo coupling between 1-naphthol and diazotized sulphanilic acid. The viscosity can then be raised by around an order of magnitude by adding less than 1 wt-% HEC to this reaction system. Diazo couplings were conducted in a 20 1 semi-batch tank reactor stirred by a Rushton turbine at two viscosity levels (0.9 and 6.2 mPa s). Long feed times ensured that micromixing was controlling. More bisazo dye was formed in the more viscous solution, all other conditions being unchanged, indicating more intense segregation and slower micromixing. This was also shown by visualizing the extent of neutralisation zones, with more spreading and slower micromixing being observed in viscous solution. Higher turbine speeds reduced this spreading. One feed point near and one far from the turbine were employed: the strong inhomogeneity of the turbulence led to smaller amounts of bisazo dye when the feed was added to the turbine suction, irrespective of the viscosity. All results agreed with the trends predicted by the engulfment model of micromixing. Its simplest form assigns an average energy dissipation rate to the reaction zone: the values obtained are of similar magnitude to those measured by physical techniques and were related to the spreading of the reaction zone.     

Efficient Ad Hoc On Demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol Based on Route Stability in MANETs

International Journal of Wireless Information Networks - Nodes in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) communicate wirelessly without any dedicated infrastructure and administrative control. In MANETs,...     

The Chirality of Aggregated Yariv Reagents Correlates with Their AGP-Binding Ability**

Yariv reagents are glycosylated triphenylazo dyes that bind to arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs), proteoglycans found in plant cell walls that are integral for plant growth and development. Yariv reagents are widely utilized as imaging, purification, and quantification tools for AGPs and represent the only small molecule probe for interrogating AGP function. The ability of Yariv reagents to bind to AGPs is dependent on the structure of the terminal glycoside on the dye. The reason for this selectivity has not been understood until the present work. Using circular dichroism spectroscopy, we show that the Yariv reagents form supramolecular aggregates with helical chirality. More significantly, the ability of the Yariv reagent to bind AGPs is correlated with this helical chirality. This finding paves the way towards developing a more detailed understanding of the nature of the Yariv-AGP complex, and the design of AGP-binding reagents with higher affinities and selectivities.