Sclerotome distribution of melorheostosis and multicentric fibromatosis

A case of melorheostosis affecting the C7 sclerotome is described, in association with synchronous multicentric fibromatosis. The foci of fibromatosis also affected the C7 sclerotome, suggesting a similar underlying pathogenesis for both diseases.     

Limiting behaviour of particles in Taylor–Couette flow

Negatively buoyant inertial particles are tracked in a steady Taylor vortex background flow with gravity acting along the axis of the cylinders. Particles are found to either fall through the apparatus due to gravity or to be within retention zones. The particles within these retention zones tend towards a limit orbit in the meridional plane. It is found that for particles with density close to that of the background fluid, the size of the retention zone is relatively large with the centre of the limit orbit being close to that of the Taylor vortex. As the particle density increases, the size of the retention zone decreases and the centre of the limit orbit moves away from the centre of the Taylor vortex. The effect of varying the fluid and particle parameters on the retention zone and orbit size is investigated.     

e-Science Infrastructure for Digital Media Broadcasting

Because digital media management and distribution technologies face some of the same challenges that e-Science aims to address, this technology is a viable solution to meet the broadcasting domain's rigorous demands.     

An advanced model for initiation and propagation of damage under fatigue loading – part II: Matrix cracking validation cases

A series of tests were conducted to act as validation cases for the numerical model developed in part I of this paper to predict the initiation and propagation of damage in composite materials. The onset of matrix cracking in [0₂/θ₄]_s specimens under tension–tension fatigue loading was studied using acoustic emission (AE) and dye-penetrant enhanced X-rays. The number of cracks identified by significant AE hits correlated well with the number of cracks identified by X-rays. Finite Element simulations of the [0₂/θ₄]_s specimens using the model from part I for cohesive interface elements fatigue loading showed a good correlation with the experimental results.     

Electricity consumption,electricity intensity and industrial structure

This paper describes an analysis of recent trends in industrial output and electricity consumption carried out at the Electricity Council. The analysis examines the significance of changes in industrial structure and in the intensity of electricity use within major industries using a simple arithmetical procedure. The conclusion reached is that such factors have, in recent years, had a major influence on trends in industrial electricity consumption. The importance of these factors explains why simple econometric models which describe industrial electricity sales as a function of total industrial output have proved unsatisfactory for forecasting purposes. This conclusion underlines the need to use a disaggregated approach to electricity forecasting, an approach which the electricity industry has used increasingly.     

Inhibition by Lactobacillus sakei of other species in the flora of vacuum packaged raw meats during prolonged storage

The abilities of five Lactobacillus sakei strains and one Lactococcus lactis strain to retain inhibitory activity against several target organisms in the flora of product during 12 weeks storage of vacuum-packaged lamb and beef was investigated. L. sakei strains were generally found capable of developing dominant populations on both beef and lamb. L. lactis 75 grew poorly on lamb did not inhibit co-inoculated Brochothrix thermosphacta. Lamb inoculated with the Sakacin-A producer L. sakei Lb706 had lower Listeria monocytogenes populations than lamb inoculated with a bacteriocin-negative variant. In beef packs inoculated with Clostridium estertheticum spores and L. sakei strain 27, 44 or 63, the development of blown-pack spoilage was delayed by up to one week. Campylobacter jejuni inoculated onto beef was recovered from fewer packs when it was co-inoculated with 3000 CFU cm⁻² of L. sakei strain 27, 44 or 63. Observed inhibition did not always correlate with inhibition observed in earlier media-based studies, supporting the view that functionality identified using simple media-based screening methods may not be replicated in the complex environment of stored foods, and vice-versa. These findings further define a set of L. sakei strains with potential for the extended bio-preservation of minimally processed fresh beef and lamb.     

Quantitative determination of sterols and other alcohols in overland flow from grazing land and possible source materials

Organic marker compounds (biomarkers) can be used to identify the sources of waterborne pollutants. This paper examines sterols and other alcohols in overland flow from pasture-based grazing systems, possible agricultural source materials and water extracts of these source materials as a preliminary step to developing chemical profiles that can be used for tracing pollutants. The biomarkers were quantified using gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques. Analyses of plant material show that some pasture species contain unique compounds, enabling their identification. For example, Arctotheca calendula (capeweed) contains an as yet unidentified compound (Arctotheca m/z 163). Other pasture species that do not contain unique compounds do contain unique ratios of phytol, hexacosanol, octacosanol and 24-ethylcholesterol, enabling their identification. Analyses of faecal samples show that the ratios of sterols to stanols enable faeces to be distinguished from the pasture species, e.g. the ratio of 24-ethylcholesterol to 24-ethylcoprostanol was <1, generally <0.25 for faeces, while for most pasture species this ratio was >4. Using this ratio, qualitative apportioning of the sources of pollutants in overland flow to vegetation or faeces could be performed, but only in extreme cases (i.e. when the ratio <1 or >4). Decaying organic matter and surface soil appear to contain a composite of plant and faecal sterols. Sterols, being sparingly soluble in water and surface active, were not expected to be present in overland flow samples. Surprisingly, cholesterol and 24-ethylcoprostanol were found in both the particulate and filtrate fractions of most overland flow and water extracts of most source materials. Using the ratios of sterols to stanols, particulate organic material in water could be traced back to its broader source, i.e. vegetation or faeces.     

An analytical method for the analysis of trihalomethanes in ambient air using solid‐phase microextraction gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry: An application to indoor swimming pool complexes

A simple method for the collection and analysis of the four brominated and chlorinated trihalomethanes (THMs) in air samples is described. Ambient air samples were collected in pre‐prepared glass vials, with THM analysis performed using solid‐phase microextraction gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry, where the need for chemical reagents is minimized. Analytical parameters, including oven temperature program, solvent volume, incubation time, vial agitation, extraction time and temperature, as well as desorption time and temperature, were evaluated to ensure optimal method performance. The developed method allows for point‐in‐time quantification (compared to an average concentration measured over extended periods of time), with detection limits between 0.7 to 2.6 µg/m³. Excellent linearity (r² > 0.99), repeatability (3% to 11% RSD), and reproducibility (3% to 16% RSD) were demonstrated over a concentration range from 2 to 5000 µg/m³. The method was validated for the analysis of THMs in indoor swimming pool air and was used to investigate the occurrence of THMs in the air above 15 indoor swimming pools. This is the first study to report the occurrence of THMs in swimming pool air in Australia, and concentrations higher than those previously reported in other countries were measured.