CNLs for the semantic web: a state of the art

One of the core challenges for building the semantic web is the creation of ontologies, a process known as ontology authoring. Controlled natural languages (CNLs) propose different frameworks for interfacing and creating ontologies in semantic web systems using restricted natural language. However, in order to engage non-expert users with no background in knowledge engineering, these language interfacing must be reliable, easy to understand and accepted by users. This paper includes the state-of-the-art for CNLs in terms of ontology authoring and the semantic web. In addition, it includes a detailed analysis of user evaluations with respect to each CNL and offers analytic conclusions with respect to the field.     

Defected ground and patch-loaded planar transmission lines

Two new structures, defected slotline and patch-loaded coplanar waveguide (CPW), are introduced and quasi-static geometrical models for them and for the defected ground structures in microstrip and in CPW configurations are developed, combining those structures with the patch-loaded slotline and the stepped impedance resonators (SIRs) in a microstrip; and thus, a unified approach for the realisation of series and parallel stubs in different planar transmission line configurations is presented. Complementarity between the different structures has been investigated. It has been found that an identical dumbbell-shaped defect and a SIR in a microstrip are complementary to each other. Consequently, a new technique is developed to compensate for the effect of a defect in the ground of a microstrip. All theoretical predictions have been confirmed with both EM simulations and measurements.     

Laser Thomson scattering and optical emission studies of striated PDP micro‐discharge plasmas

Abstract— Properties of a plasma‐display‐panel (PDP) like discharge were examined by emission and laser Thomson scattering (LTS) measurements. Emission measurements were performed using an intensified CCD camera. By varying several external parameters such as the amplitude of the input voltage, gas composition, and pressure, the influence of these parameters on the discharge behavior was studied. Results of emission measurements showed that they were in good agreement with similar emission measurements on real PDP cells. LTS measurements were performed for the striated PDP‐like discharge at a pressure of 100 Torr and the results showed clear modulations in both profiles of electron density and electron temperature.     

Sre—a syntax recognizing editor

This paper presents a syntax-directed editor dubbed SRE, for syntax recognizing editor. Unlike other syntax-directed editors, SRE enables the user to edit programs with nearly the same natural and unrestrictive ease as a conventional text editor. In addition, it helps identify syntax errors and many typing errors before leaving the editor and attempting to compile a program. Programs are also formatted during entry, thereby providing immediate visual feedback of the recognized structure. The editor replaces the scanner/parser pass of a conventional compiler and thus reduces compilation time substantially.     

Novel transition between different configurations of planartransmission lines

New designs of coplanar waveguide (CPW)-microstrip, CPW-stripline, conductor backed CPW (CBCPW)-microstrip, and CBCPW-stripline transitions are presented. Simulation using the high frequency structures simulator (HFSS) shows that the return loss of the CPW-microstrip transition is less than -25 dB up to 11 GHz. Similarly is the CPW-stripline transition. In the case of two back to back CBCPW-stripline transitions, the return loss is less than -22 dB up to 9 GHz. Experimentally, the S ₁₁ of two back to back CBCPW-microstrip transitions on an alumina substrate is less than -15 dB up to 25 GHz     

Comparative study for the detection of Egyptian buffalo butter adulteration with vegetable oils using conventional and advanced methods

Adulteration of butter can occur when milk fat is replaced with cheaper oils due to the economic advantage of such substitution. With potential health risks on consumers, the issue raises alarming public health concerns. The adulteration of the Egyptian buffalo butter (EBB) with vegetable oils (VOs) was detected by conventional and advanced techniques. EBB was mixed with VOs at different ratios 25, 50, and 75% (w/w). The conventional methods (saponification number, iodine value, polenskee value, and Reichert‐Meissl value) were compared with advanced methods (GC, HPLC, and FTIR). The results indicated that the assurance of conventional methods is not adequate at expansion levels under 50.0% VOs in EBB. In light of the progressions prompted by advanced methods using GC and HPLC, the debasement of EBB with 25.0% VOs can be detected and are more accurate in detecting the sterols and their fractions in butter.     

Improving the security of quantum key agreement protocols with single photon in both polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedom

Recently, Wang and Ma (Quantum Inf Process 16(5):130, 2017) proposed two interesting quantum key agreement protocols with a single photon in both polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedom. They claimed that the privacy of participants’ secret keys in the multiparty case is protected against dishonest participants. However, in this paper, we prove that two dishonest participants can deduce the secret key of an honest one using a fake sequence of single photons, without being detected. Also, we propose an additional security detection process to avoid the security loophole in their protocol.     

Determination of the optimum orientations for the double-exposure, flat-plate collector and its reflectors

A procedure is presented for determining the optimum angles of tilt for the double exposure flat-plate collector¹ and its various reflectors. Vector analysis has been employed in deriving the various relations.