Formation and propagation of solitons using the generalized non-linear Schrödinger equation

This study presents the non-linearity and dispersion effects involved in the propagation of optical solitons which can be understood by using a numerical routine to solve the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation. This equation combines the effects of group velocity dispersion and self-phase modulation present in optical fibers and also takes into account the loss of optical fiber. A sequence of codes has been developed in Matlab, to explore in depth several features of the optical soliton’s formation and propagation. The results give a very clear idea of this interesting and important practical phenomenon.     

An IC Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor for Biomedical Instrumentation

A thin-diaphragm piezoresistive pressure sensor for biomedical instrumentation has been developed using monolithic integratedcircuit (IC) techniques. The piezoresistive effect has been chosen for this device because it provides an observable resistance change that is a linear function of pressure and is observable at low stress levels. A diaphragm is used as a stress magnifying device; its magnification is proportional to the square of the ratio of the diaphragm diameter to its thickness. The pressure-induced stresses in the diaphragm are sensed by properly oriented piezoresistors interconnected to form a bridge.