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Schmiedberger J. Kodymova J. Kovar J. Spalek O. Trenda P. 《Quantum Electronics, IEEE Journal of》1991,27(6):1262-1264
A magnetic modulation of gain in a continuous-wave (CW) chemical oxygen-iodine laser (COIL) is proposed for several regimes of laser generation. The principle of the method proposed is based on a direct magnetic modulation of gain in the active zone of a COIL utilizing the Zeeman effect on the laser transition 2P 1/2 -2P 3/2 of iodine atoms. The possible applications of this technique to control the laser generation in COIL for technological purposes are outlined 相似文献
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M Müller M Brunner R Schmid EM Putz A Schmiedberger I Wallner HG Eichler 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,62(15):PL227-PL234
In many cases the concentration reached in a peripheral effect compartment rather than in plasma determines the clinical outcome of therapy. Therefore, several experimental approaches have been developed for direct assessment of drug kinetics in peripheral compartments. Particularly saliva sampling, skin blister fluid sampling, and in vivo microdialysis are frequently employed for measuring peripheral drug concentrations. However, data derived from these techniques have never been directly compared. In the present study, the tissue kinetics of theophylline were measured following single dose administration simultaneously in cantharides induced skin blisters, saliva and microdialysates of subcutaneous- and skeletal muscle- tissue and compared to plasma concentrations. Theophylline was administered to 9 healthy volunteers as an i.v. infusion of 240 mg. Mean ratio (AUCsaliva/AUCplasma) was 0.63 +/- 0.05, mean ratio (AUCblister/AUCplasma) was 0.69 +/- 0.12, mean ratio (AUCmuscle/AUCplasma) was 0.41 +/- 0.10, mean ratio (AUCsubcutaneous/AUCplasma) was 0.34 +/- 0.07. The time course of the concentration(peripheral)/concentration(plasma)-ratios showed that tissue concentrations obtained by microdialysis were closely correlated to free plasma levels, whereas saliva- and cantharides blister data overestimated the corresponding free plasma concentrations. It is concluded that microdialysis represents a reliable technique for the measurement of unbound peripheral compartment concentrations and is superior to saliva- and skin blister concentration measurements. 相似文献
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BK Podesser G Khuenl-Brady E Eigenbauer S Roedler A Schmiedberger E Wolner A Moritz 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,115(5):1121-1129
OBJECTIVE: The Edwards Duromedics valve (Baxter Healthcare Corp., Edwards Division, Santa Ana, Calif.) was designed with a self-irrigating hinge mechanism to reduce thromboembolic complications. After good initial clinical results, distribution was suspended in 1988 after reports of valve fracture after 20,000 valves had been implanted. The manufacturer conducted extensive studies to improve the Edwards Duromedics and reintroduced a modified version, which is available as Edwards Tekna. The purpose of the study was the evaluation of long-term results of the original Edwards Duromedics that might be important for the current version, the Edwards Tekna valve. METHODS: A prospective clinical 10-year follow-up was performed of 508 patients who underwent valve replacement with the Edwards Duromedics valve in the aortic (n = 268), mitral (n = 183), and aortic and mitral (n = 56) position. RESULTS: The perioperative mortality rate was 6.9%; follow-up was 98% complete, comprising 3648 patient-years for a mean follow-up of 86 months (range: 33 to 144 months). The actuarial freedom from complications at the 10-year follow-up and the incidence rate (percent per patient-year) were as follows: late mortality rate, 69.2% +/- 2.4% (3.5% per patient-year); thromboembolism, 90.7% +/- 1.6% (0.96% per patient-year); anticoagulation-related hemorrhage, 87.7% +/- 1.7% (1.34% per patient-year); prosthetic valve endocarditis, 96.7% +/- 0.09% (0.38% per patient-year); valve-related mortality rate, 89.3% +/- 1.6% (1.21% per patient-year); valve failure, 86.2% +/- 1.85% (1.54% per patient-year); and valve-related morbidity and mortality rate, 71.1% +/- 2.3% (3.2% per patient-year). Three leaflet escapes were observed (one lethal, two successful reoperations; 99.1% +/- 0.05% freedom, 0.08% per patient-year). All patients functionally improved (86% in New York Heart Association classes I and II), and incidence of anemia was insignificant. CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm that the Edwards Duromedics valve shows excellent performance concerning thromboembolism, hemolysis, and functional improvement and will serve as a reference for the last version, the Edwards Tekna valve, where comparable long-term data are currently not available. 相似文献
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Schmiedberger J. Kodymova J. Spalek O. Kokes A. 《Quantum Electronics, IEEE Journal of》1994,30(10):2391-2394
A periodically pulsed regime of the magnetically gain-switched chemical oxygen iodine laser was investigated. The effects of different magnetic field intensity and pulse length on the laser power pulse enhancement and the mean power conservation were studied experimentally 相似文献
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Schmiedberger J. Kodymova J. Spalek O. Kovar J. 《Quantum Electronics, IEEE Journal of》1991,27(6):1265-1270
Gain and output coupling characteristics of the CW chemical oxygen-iodine laser (COIL) are determined experimentally by means of varying the output coupling method. Under the conditions that the Cl2 flow rate is 11.8 mmol/s, the I2 molar flow rate is from 20 to 50 μmol/s, and the duct pressure is 200 Pa, the following were obtained from the experimental data: maximum values of output power of 58 W, and optimal output coupling factor of 1.50%, a resonator efficiency of 4.8%, an unsaturated small-signal gain of 1.55×10-3 cm-1, a threshold small-signal gain of 1.31×10-3 cm-1, a saturation intensity of 1150 W/cm2, intraresonator losses of 9%, and an atomic iodine concentration of 2.85×1014 cm-3. A comparison of these results to the published data of other COIL systems is presented 相似文献
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