Penetrating ocular injuries: an epidemiologic and retrospective study

Penetrating injuries of the eye are an important cause of unilateral visual loss. We studied a series of 82 cases of penetrating injuries treated here from 1987 through 1993. The injuries were caused by sharp objects in 66% and blunt trauma in 6%. The prognosis after a penetrating injury is greatly influenced by the nature of the injury and the extent of the initial drainage. Among factors associated with an unfavorable visual outcome were diminished preoperative visual acuity and scleral wounds with dense vitreous hemorrhage.     

Paul Konitzer (1894–1947): Hygieniker,Amtsarzt, Sozialmediziner,Gesundheitspolitiker

Paul Konitzer was one of the outstanding and well-known physicians in the years after the World War II in East-Germany. THe paper describes his professional way as hygienist, social medical, municipal physician and last but not least as health politician in the times of four different political regimes: the imperial era in Germany till 1918, the time of "Weimarer Republic" till 1933, the Nazi dictatorship till 1945 and the early years in the Soviet occupation zone of Germany. The life of Konitzer is a typical example of the fate of a German doctor in the first half of the 20th century. Konitzer was arrested in February 1947 by the Soviet Military Government in Berlin in connection with some political troubles and reproach with a typhus epidemic in a German camp for Russian Prisoners of War in the Nazi era. On April 22nd 1947 he died in prison of Dresden by suicide without condemnation.     

Zum Gedenken an Dietrich Tutzke (1920–1999)

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Integrated Learning: Paradigm for a Unified Approach

All of reality derives from disturbances to equilibrated states (controlled systems). This realization allows one to develop a generic feedback/feedforward control model as a paradigm for all of the laws of physics. The model is formulated from seven fundamental axioms, upon which are based seven corresponding theorems— among them, the one that defines Potential Energy as the source for all of reality. The output—Kinetic Energy—of the model is experienced (feedback signals which are in the form of dimensions of perception: including time, length, mass, temperature and electric charge) by an observer (frame‐of‐reference) along a doubly‐infinite continuum that is arbitrarily divided into seven scales of perception. These range from sub‐nuclear to super‐cosmic. Adding to scale‐of‐perception and frame‐of‐reference the concept of resolution—which includes considerations of structure, order, and relation—completes the tripartite set of elements that are the foundations of knowledge. A minimum‐energy principle (controlling system) is introduced to close the loop in the control model. Operationally, this constraint is manifest as “control signals” that attenuate the randomness of transitions among quasi‐equilibrated states, forcing such perceived transitions to proceed along optimized paths (“reference signals” in the control model).     

Local detailed inspection methods regarding reinforcement corrosion of concrete structures

Full surface surveys which are likely to include e.g. a deterioration and potential mapping as well as a cover depth survey, should be the base to identify critical areas which are suspect to be suffering from reinforcement corrosion 1 . Localised assessment in these areas should give further information about the type and extent of deterioration. It should include the determination of the chloride profile beyond the cover depth, the depth of carbonation and a direct visual assessment of the steel reinforcement by breaking away the cover concrete at selected locations. Further valuable information may be collected by determining the water content of the concrete or performing corrosion rate measurements. Within this publication the essential methods for local detailed inspections are discussed regarding the application and interpretation of the results. An overview of the survey procedure is given in ref. 2 .     

The role of music in physiologic accommodation

It is convenient to define physiological accommodation in an engineering sense by fitting the process into a standard feedback-control diagram. From the model portrayed, one can develop a mathematical formulation that can be used to quantify short-, medium-, or long-term physiological accommodation. This article describes how such a formulation can be derived, and it includes a discussion of how the specific elements inherent to music uniquely synergize with basic physiological function to elicit specific responses that play a significant role in the accommodation process     

Criterion for predicting the morphology of crystalline cubic precipitates in a cubic matrix

The present work is concerned with the configuration of precipitates having cubic crystal symmetry in a cubic matrix. The shape and orientation of the precipitates were determined by minimizing the elastic strain energy, while neglecting surface energy effects. Lee, Barnett, and Aaronson7 have shown that only spherical or plate-shaped precipitates are associated with minimum strain energy. Equating the exact expression for the energy of an infinite coherent plate-shaped precipitate with an approximation suggested for the energy of a spherical precipitate, a simple criterion is derived. The criterion enables the prediction of the shape and orientation of the precipitate associated with minimum strain energy, and allows identification of the basic elastic parameters which determine this configuration. When compared to exact numerical results, good agreement was obtained. The criterion predicts that the minimum strain energy is associated with a plate-shaped precipitate, parallel to its 100 planewhen HC ₄₄ >C* ₄₄/A* and the anisotropy factor of the precipitateA * > 1, and parallel to its {111} plane whenHC ₄₄ > F*(111)C*₄₄/A* andA* < 1. In all other cases, a spherical precipitate is associated with minimum strain energy.H is a parameter which depends on the anisotropy of the matrix.F * is an orientation factor which depends on the anisotropy of the precipitate. Sabbatical leave with the Department of Welding Engineering, The Ohio State University, 190 West 19th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210.