自动选择工作模式的宽范围稳压器

图1所示电路可在外部DAC（未示出）控制下为EEPROM提供编程电压。您可以用一个电位器来代替该DAC，以建立从12V电源上工作并能提供OV～32V可变输出电压的通用电源。如图1所示，凌特科技公司（Linear Technology）的LT1072HV型可变升压开关稳压器IC1，驱动一个由运放IC2、升压级Q3及发射极跟随器达灵顿晶体管Q2组成的A类放大器。电阻器R9和R10将放大器的正相环路增益设定为1＋（R9／R10）。     

Cross-layer design of ad hoc networks for real-time video streaming

Cross-layer design breaks away from traditional network design where each layer of the protocol stack operates independently. We explore the potential synergies of exchanging information between different layers to support real-time video streaming. In this new approach information is exchanged between different layers of the protocol stack, and end-to-end performance is optimized by adapting to this information at each protocol layer. We discuss key parameters used in the cross-layer information exchange along with the associated cross-layer adaptation. Substantial performance gains through this cross-layer design are demonstrated for video streaming.     

Bradykinin-increased phospholipid deacylation-reacylation in rat renal medulla is inhibited by dBc AMP

The effect of bradykinin on the mobilization of arachidonic acid was analyzed separately by acylation and degradation. Acylating activity was determined by the incorporation of [¹⁴C]arachidonic acid into the phospholipids at different times. Different concentrations of bradykinin had no effect on the phospholipid acylating activities. The degradation of the phospholipids was performed on renal medullary slices prelabeled with [¹⁴C]arachidonic acid. Treatment with bradykinin produced an initial degradation of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol, with a concomitant increase in lysophosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine and lysophosphatidylinositol within 5 min of incubation. Phosphatidylcholine-, phosphatidylethanolamine-and phosphatidylinositol-labeling increased thereafter and reached the control values after 10 min of incubation. After 30 min, incubation of prelabeled slices with bradykinin produced a significant concentration-dependent increase in the phospholipid-labeling by reutilization of [¹⁴C]arachidonic acid. The effect of bradykinin on the phospholipid-labeling was blocked by preincubation with increasing concentrations of dBc AMP. Mepacrine also blocked the bradykinin stimulation in phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, but had no effect on bradykinin-induced changes in the phosphatidylinositol arachidonic acid moiety.     

Improvement of the reflecting properties of electroformed metal grids by polishing

A technique is described which considerably improves the reflecting properties of ultrathin metal grids used as optical beamsplitters.     

The viscoelastic behavior of the non-degenerate human lumbar nucleus pulposus in shear

The viscoelastic behavior of the nucleus pulposus was determined in shear under transient and dynamic conditions and was modeled using a linear viscoelastic model with a variable amplitude relaxation spectrum. During stress-relaxation tests, the shear stress of the nucleus pulposus relaxed nearly to zero indicative of the fluid nature of the tissue. Under dynamic conditions, however, the nucleus pulposus exhibited predominantly 'solid-like' behavior with values for dynamic modulus (magnitude of G*) ranging from 7 to 20 kPa and loss angle (delta) ranging from 23 to 30 degrees over the range of angular frequencies tested (1-100 rad s-1). This frequency-sensitive viscoelastic behavior is likely to be related to the highly polydisperse populations of nucleus pulposus molecular constituents. The stress-relaxation behavior, which was not linear on a semi-log plot (in the range t1 < t < t2), required a variable amplitude relaxation spectrum capable of describing this frequency sensitive behavior. The stress-relaxation behavior was well described by this linear viscoelastic model with variable amplitude relaxation spectrum; however, the dynamic moduli were underpredicted by the model which may be related to non-linearities in the material behavior.     

低至2V以下工作的精密有源负载

本设计实例是一个自己供电的精密有源负载电路，它是以前电路的改进（参考文献1）。增加的功能包括一个更宽的工作电压范围（2V～50V或更高电压）和几个灵活的电流设置模式。图1中的电路采用了美国国家半导体公司（NS）的LM10，它很适合于此类应用。LM10的基准部分（IC1A）生成精密的1.2V基准电压VS。电阻分压器R1和R2将VS的一部送至IC1A的基准放大器，该放大器驱动并联稳压器Q1。     

A complete list of the lattices of first-stage epitaxic graphite derivatives XCn (for n ⩽ 24)

A computer has been used to determined all the possible lattices corresponding to a given value of n for the first-stage epitaxic derivatives of graphite XC_n, with n ? 24. The conditions of existence for orthorhombic cells are that n should be divisible by 4, for monoclinic cells that n should be different from 2, 4 or 8, and for hexagonal cells that n = 2(u² + uv + v²) where u, v are positive integers or 0.     

A spatial model of urban winter woodsmoke concentrations

In many urban areas, residential wood burning is a significant wintertime source of PM2.5. In this study, we used a combination of fixed and mobile monitoring along with a novel spatial buffering procedure to estimate the spatial patterns of woodsmoke. Two-week average PM2.5 and levoglucosan (a marker for wood smoke) concentrations were concurrently measured at upto seven sites in the study region. In addition, pre-selected routes spanning the major population areas in and around Vancouver, B.C. were traversed during 19 cold, clear winter evenings from November, 2004 to March, 2005 by a vehicle equipped with GPS receiver and a nephelometer. Fifteen-second-average values of light scattering coefficient (bsp) were adjusted for variations between evenings and then combined into a single, highly resolved map of nighttime winter bsp levels. A relatively simple but robust (R(2) = 0.64) land use regression model was developed using selected spatial covariates to predict these temporally adjusted bsp values. The bsp values predicted by this model were also correlated with the measured average levoglucosan concentrations at our fixed site locations (R(2) = 0.66). This model, the first application of land use regression for woodsmoke, enabled the identification and prediction of previously unrecognized high woodsmoke regions within an urban airshed.